Peckham, Justice, U.S. Supreme Court:
delivers opinion in case of Buena Ven-
tura, 35-43.

Pecuniary compensation: Great Britain
doubts if, will content her, 515.
Penalty: for carriage of contraband, 375,
379; for carriage of contraband with false
destination, 394; for breach of blockade,
436; cargo of Friendship engaged in
unneutral service condemned, 448; for
carriage of dispatches, extension of, to
cargo, 452; see Destruction of neutral
prizes, 513-27.
Penfield, W. L., U.S. Ambassador at
Vienna: report of, on Preferential
Claims Arbitration, 7-24, passim; pre-
sents request for recall of Dumba, 286;
presents protest against attack on
Petrolite, 552.

People's war: organized, rules of, 121–22;
unorganized (levy en masse), 122.
Perels: opposition of, to preëmption, 557.
Perkeo: 43-44.

Permanent Court of Arbitration at The
Hague: see The Hague.

Persona non grata: Mr. Dumba no longer,
to U.S., 286-87.

Persona standi in judicio: not possessed
by enemy owner, 106.
Peterburg: 478-85.
Peterhoff: 390-91.

Peters, Colonel: disobeys orders to burn
Chambersburg, 235–36.
Petrolite: 551-55.

Phillimore: on Hesse-Cassel debts, 145 n.
Phænix: 36, 40, 352, 354.

Pickering, U.S. Secretary of State: report

of, on French injuries to commerce of
U.S., 4; instructs U.S. envoys to refuse
loan to France, 268-69.

Pierantoni: condemns judgment in case of
Springbok, 401.

Pillage: protest of Beauregard against
wanton, 137-40; Arabi Pasha pun-
ished for, 223; of neutral property: 530-

Prisoners: Belgian, used as screen, 121;
Boers release their, 206; work of Ger-
man, 206-07; 205-11; escaped, treat-
ment of, 207-09; American Embassy
reports on treatment of, in Germany,
209-10; transfer to Switzerland of Brit-
ish and German wounded, 211; treat-
ment of British, 217-18; submarine
officers and men not considered as, by
British Government, 238; later accord-
ed treatment of, 241; made to remove
torpedoes, 244-45; use of tobacco, 245;
release of French, retained in Ger-
many, 250-55; retention of French, in
Germany after close of hostilities, 250-
55.

Privateers: right to fit out, in U.S. ports
claimed by France, 3; difference be-
tween, and volunteer fleet, 479; func-
tion of prize courts in relation to, 488.
Private property: certain restrictions
upon the seizure of, 104-11; not sub-
ject to confiscation by military occu-
pant, 138; Lincoln on confiscation of,
by military commander, 141-42; mas-
ter's adventure, 449.
Prize Cases: 260-61.

Prize Court, International: 488-92.
Prize courts (see also Prize proceedings):
exercise of prize jurisdiction in U.S.
claimed by France, 3; rules of British,
109, 110; title of property as between

Prize money: 488.

Prize proceedings: where further proof
should be allowed, 430 ff.; 488-509;
first hearing of a case upon ship's pa-
pers, 504-05; U.S. objects to, in case
of Frye, 523-27.

Prizes: right to bring, into U.S. ports
claimed by France, 3; reception of bel-
ligerent, in neutral ports, 300-10; U.S.
considers Appam prize of war, 302;
treatment of, in neutral ports under
Hague Convention, 302; German court
condemns Appam as prize, 303; resti-
tution of Appam ordered by U.S. court,
310 n.; sale of belligerent, in neutral
ports, 310-11; asylum of, refused in
British ports, 340.

Probable cause: costs not awarded in
case of, for capture, 42-43.
Proclamation: posted in Brussels on Sep-
tember 25, 1914, 242; to the com-
munal authorities of the town of Liège,
extract from, 237; posted in Brussels,
242; posted up in Namur 25th August,
1914, 243-44; of neutrality, 259-60;
of blockade of Confederate ports by
Lincoln, 261; of Lincoln calling upon
state militia, 261; recognition by Presi-
dential, of insurgency in Cuba, 264-
66.

Proof: of transfer of vessels, how estab-
lished, 357-59; burden of, on shipper as
to innocence of cargo, 421.
Property (see also Private property, Neu-
tral property): private, 133-46; public,
subject to eminent domain of belliger-
ent, 138; private, not subject to confis-
cation by military occupant, 138; pri-
vate, Lincoln on confiscation of, by
military commander, 141-42; neutral,
salvage for rescue of, 528-30; destroyed
in the course of military operations,
534-38; neutral, requisition of, 539-41.
Protest against the modification of Bel-
gian laws, 150-51; of Brussels Bar

against modification of Belgian laws.
by Germans, 150-51; Belgian, against
removal of railways by German mili-
tary authorities, 151-53; against com-
pulsory removal of French, 158; against
German requisitions in Belgium, 160-
61; of Chile against violation of its
neutrality in case of Dresden, 274-78;
of U.S. against British violations of
neutral rights, 598.

Protocols: of arbitration of Venezuelan
preferential claims, 13-15.

Provisions (see also Foodstuffs): no re-
strictions on furnishing of, to belliger-
ent warships under Hague Convention,
296-97; when contraband, 373; rules
in regard to seizure of, 421; German
regulations in regard to, 421-22; as
contraband, 561.

Prussian-American treaties (see also Trea-
ties): application of, in Frye case,

522-27.

Publicity: 227-33.
Punishment: 222-23; U.S. requests, of
Austrian commander, 555.

Queen: seizure of, by Venezuela, 7 n.
Queen Victoria: see Victoria.

Radiotelegraphy: censorship of, in in-
terests of neutrality, 289-90.
Rainbow: 291-92.

Rambouillet Decree: 594.
Ratification: of Lincoln's war measures by
Congress, 2.

Raw materials: favorable treatment of,
374.

Reading, Lord, Lord Chief Justice of Great
Britain: as head of Anglo-French Finan-
cial Commission, 323; announces agree-
ment on loan, 323-24.

Recall: of U.S. Minister from France, 3;
of Genêt, 3; of Mr. Dumba, American
Government requests, 286-87.
Recapture: see Rescue; also Salvage.
Reciprocity: 245-46.
Recognition: temporary, of consuls in
Belgium suggested by Germany, 148;
Union hesitates to make, of Confederate
belligerency, 247-48; by Great Britain
of Confederate belligerency, 260-63;
distinction between recognition of bel-
ligerency and recognition of insurgency,
264; of insurgency made by proclama-
tion of President, 264-66.
Recognition of the independence of the
United States: 270-71.
Recruiting: illegal, by British officials in
U.S. during Crimean War, 278-86.

Red Cross: alleged attack on Red Cross
hospital, 162; abuse of, 229.
Red-hot shot: 177.

Refusal of British lines to carry Ger-
mans from Chilean ports, 570-71; to
receive representatives, 3.
Regrets: Great Britain expresses, for
search of German vessels, 414; Germany
expresses, for attack upon Nebraskan,
582.

Release of the French prisoners retained
in Germany: 250-55.
Relief: Belgian, 212-13.
Religion: respect for, 193-95.
Remingtons: alleged agents of French
Government in purchase of U.S. ord-
nance, 269-70.

Removal: of railways, Belgian protest
regarding, 151-53; of passengers from
vessels, 453-67.

Renault: objection to, as agent in Pref-
erential Claims Arbitration, 19; on 'due
diligence,' 339 n.; condemns judgment in
case of Springbok, 401; member of Hague
Tribunal in cases of Carthage and Ma-
nouba, 46; official report of, on convoy,
478 m.; projects for International Prize
Court submitted to, 489; assists in prep-
aration of Prize Court Convention,
490; report of, on Declaration of Lon-
don, 496.

Rencontrés en mer: use of phrase, in Hague
Conventions, III.
Repairs: restriction on, of belligerent
warship in interests of neutrality, 297-
99; Russian warships not allowed to
make, in German port, 299-300.
Report: of Bryce Committee on abuse of
white flag, 67-68; of Belgian Commis-
sion, see Commission of Inquiry, 228; of
Renault considered official interpreta-
tion according to practice of interna-
tional conventions, 339 n.
Repressive reprisals: 236-42.
Reprisal, letters of: Jefferson Davis in-
vites applications for, 261.
Reprisals: 3-24; Franco-American, 3-7;
measures of Congress by way of, 5-6;
Lincoln on, 142; Germany to take, in
Baralong case, 222; treatment of Rus-
sian non-combatants by Austrian mili-
tary authorities, 236-37; British of-
ficers imprisoned as, for segregation of
German submarine prisoners, 238-42;
declaration of, 346; use made of, by
Allies, 420; strewing of mines by Ger-
many made basis of, 422; as only refuge
for Allies, 424-25 n.; true method of
correcting irregularities, 508-09; seizure

of Neches not, 562-63; causing loss of
neutral property, 559-64; right of Ger-
many to retaliate against starvation
policy, 599; Congress (1916) provides
for, 607; Swedish, 608–14.
Requisitions: 153-59; illegal, of Belgian
studhorses, 159-60; of goods in Belgium
by German authorities, 160-61; U.S.
objects to, of seized American vessels,
363; see case of the Zamora, 504; of
neutral property, 539-41; difference be-
tween, and preëmption, 556.
Rescue: of neutral property, salvage for,
528-30.

Reserved trade: 438-47.

Resident alien enemies: treatment of, 44–
48.

Resistance to visit and search: 468–76.
Respect for international law: on the part
of individuals: 235-36.

Respect for neutral rights: independent
action taken by a state to enforce, 608-
15; failure of American Government to
take action to secure, 423.
Respect for religion: 193-95.
Restitution: of Appam ordered by U.S.
Court, 310 n.

Restrictions: conventional, in the event
of war, 100-11; for the general interest
of humanity, 177-204; upon commer-
cial transactions of neutral individuals,
346-466.

Restrictive nature of the laws of war
(Westlake): 214.
Retaliation: see Reprisals.
Retorsion (see also Reprisals): distin-
guished from general war, 6 n.
Rheims Cathedral: France protests to
neutrals the destruction of, 184.
Riggs's case: 534.
Rights: see Neutral rights; Enforcement
of rights.

Robinson, Dr. W. T.: release of, by Con-
federate commander, 191-93.
Rockwell, Professor W. W.: note by, on
text of canon law, 115-16 n.
Rojestvensky, Admiral: Russian fleet un-

der, sojourns in neutral waters, 295-96.
Rolin: condemns judgment in case of
Springbok, 401.

Rose v. Mexico: case of, 539-41.
Rosen, Baron: negotiations of, prior to
Russo-Japanese War, 27, 31.
Rothschilds (of Paris): borrow in U.S.
for French Government, 323-24.
Royal Society: member of, liberated by
Napoleon, 181.

Rubber: concealed in mail parcels, 567;
found in parcels post for Sweden, 610.

Ruel: sinking of, 221.
Rule of decision: Declaration of London
adopted as, in case of Manouba, 454.
Rule of internment of belligerent vessels
in neutral ports: 293-96.

Rule of twenty-four hours' interval: 292-

93.

Rules of Washington: 483 n.

Rule of 1756 (see also Reserved trade):
Armed Neutrality, 617.
Rupture of diplomatic relations: U.S.
threatens, with Germany, 583.
Ruses: 70-77; use of British flag by Em-
den, 74; abuse of Japanese flag by Rus-
sians, 99.

Russell, Lord, British Foreign Secretary:
instructions of, re Confederate Seques-
tration Act, 134-36; views of, on rec-
ognition of Confederate belligerency,
262; position of, on contraband and
blockade in Civil War, 384-85; ap-
proves decision of Judge Betts re
Springbok, 398; dispatches of, re Trent
affair, 459-60, 462-63; differs from
Seward in statement of principles, 462-
63; protests against obstruction of
Confederate ports, 623-24, 625.
Russell, Odo: appeal of, to Bismarck on

behalf of Worth, 94; discusses Duclair
incident with Bismarck, 548.
Russell, W. H.: opinion of, on employ-
ment of 'scouts' in Civil War, 189-90.
Russia (see also Lamsdorff): treatment of
alien enemies, 47-48; Russian fleet so-
journs in French waters during Russo-
Japanese War, 295; warships of, seek
asylum in neutral ports, 299; trans-
forms merchantmen into vessels of war,
478; destruction of neutral prize by,
513; forms Armed Neutrality, 617.
Russia: 34 n.

Russian fleet: sojourn of, in French
waters, 295-96.

Russian forces near Liao-yang hoist a
Japanese flag: 99.

Russian ships: repair of, in neutral ports,
299-300.

Russian troops don Chinese costumes:
186-87.

Russians accused of suborning assassina-
tion: 186.

Sale: of belligerent warship during war
held illegal, 310-11.

Sale, forced: of U.S. cargoes by France, 4.
Sale of U.S. ordnance: 269-70.
Salisbury, Lord, British Foreign Secretary:
views of, on seizure of the Bundesrath,
410-12.

Sally: 496.

Salvage: restitution of captured vessel
upon payment of, 509; for rescue of neu-
tral property, 528-30.
Sanctions: 217-36.

San Giuliano, Marquis di, Italian Foreign
Minister: agrees to arbitrate seizure of
Carthage and Manouba, 416.

San-Shan Island: bombardment of, 100.
Santissima Trinidad: cited in case of
Appam, 306.

Saumarez, Lord de: denial by, that British
used red-hot shot, 177.

Savages: protest of Lord Chatham against
employment of, in civilized warfare, 189.
Scandinavian League: 615-16.
Scholz, Walter: 334.
Schooner Sophie: 249-50.
Science: protection of, 180–85.
Science: 391.

Sclopis, Count: arbitrator in Alabama
Claims case, 338.

Scott, Sir William: see Stowell, Lord.
Scouting in the Civil War: 189-90.
Screens, human: 121.

Seaboard: states having no, see Land-
locked states.

Search: Great Britain refuses to release
Bundesrath without, 413; compensa-
tion for unjustifiable detention and,
413; Newnes describes British pro-
cedure, 596 n.; limit and purpose of,
609.

Sechs Geschwistern: 357-58.
Secret British execution: 196.
Security for costs: 18.

Segregation of submarine prisoners: 238-

martial condemning André, 84 n.
Stockholm: 608.

Stockton, Admiral: maintains right of
convoy at International Naval Con-
ference, 478 n.

Sinking of prizes: questionable act, 573 n.
Sitka: opinion of Attorney-General in
case of, 309 n.

Skinner, American Consul-General at
London: scheme of, re exportation to
neutral countries, 597 n.

Slidell, Confederate Commissioner: forcibly
removed from Trent, 458; released, 462.
Smolensk: 478-85.

Sniper: shooting of, 166-67.

Sojourn of the Russian fleet in French
waters: 295-96.

Solveig: 363.

Sources: of the law of nations, 353-54.
Sovereignty: rights of, not dependent
upon conditions of municipal law, 283;
neutral, to hold belligerents prisoner
violation of, 302.

Spain: Spanish Minister takes action in
case of Miss Cavell, 201.
Spies: 78-99; execution of André, 86;
capture of two Union, 87-90; wearing
of enemy uniform forfeits life of, 90;
Lee spares lives of, 90; Mr. Worth ac-
cused of spying on attempted escape
in balloon, 91-99.
Spoliation of papers: 386.

Spoliations: French, upon U.S. commerce,

4.

Sponsions: 58-62.

Springbok: 392-402; 408 n.; 410; 419 n.
Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil, British Ambassa-
dor at Washington: explains British ac-
tion re Neches, 562; announces Allies'
embargo on neutral commerce with
Germany, 563-64; on the British black-
list, 605-06.

Staempfli, M.: arbitrator in Alabama
Claims case, 338.

Stanley, Lord, British Foreign Secretary:
reasons of, for refusal to intervene in
case of Springbok, 399.

Stare decisis: not controlling upon arbi-
trators, 539.

Starvation: protest against legality of
Allies' measure, 598-99.

State of war: existence of, 6; discussion of
the existence of, 15; Italian decree fixes
date of, 405; existence of, 407.
Stephen Hart: 387-89.

Stone, Senator, Chairman of Committee on
Foreign Relations: letter from Mr.
Bryan to, on U.S. neutrality, 268,
290, 321-22, 327-28, 569-70.
Story, Justice: opinion of, in U.S. v. Rice,
146-47; delivers opinion in case of
Friendschaft, 355.

Stowell, Lord: judgment of in the Sophie,
249-50; judgment of, in Twee Gebroed-
ers, 288-89; opinion of, in the Minerva,
310-11; judgment of, in the Marianna,
347-48; on national character of prod-
uce of enemy soil in Phænix and Vrow
Anna Catharina, 352; delivers opinion,
in Sechs Geschwistern, 357-58; opinion
of, in the Jemmy, 358-59; judgment of,
in Jonge Margaretha, 372-75; judg-
ment of, in Imina, 376-78; judgment
of, in Neptunus, 378-79; judgment of,
in Polly, 381 n.; judgment of, in Maria,
381 m.; opinion of, cited in Springbok,
394; on application of law to new cir-
cumstances, 404; judgment of, in Colum-
bia, 425-27; judgment of, in Ocean,
427-28; opinions of, cited in Franciska,
433; judgment of, in Emanuel, 438-40;
judgment of, in Immanuel, 440-44;
judgment of, in Friendship, 447-49;
judgment of, in Atalanta, 449-53; judg-
ment of, in Flad Oyen, 506-09; on sal-
vage for recapture of neutral vessel, 529.
Stratagems: 70-77.

Strategic areas: 485-87.
Stuart, British Minister at Washington:
letter of, to Seward re refusal of clear-
ance to vessel in time of war, 543.
Submarine cables: see Cables.
Submarine mines on the high seas: Sec
retary Bryan's proposal relative to,
216-17.

Submarine warfare (see also Liners,
Safety of passengers, Visit and search):
execution of Captain Fryatt, 124-27;
Deutschland considered merchant ves-
sel by U.S., 318; Entente Allies protest
against admission of belligerent sub-
marines into neutral ports, 319-20.
Sumner, Charles: puts forward "indirect
claims," 262.

Sumter: lying in wait for, 292-93.
Sumter, Fort: attack on, 261.
Super-reprisals: 246-47.

Supplies: obligation of the neutral states