23,012 inhabited houses, and 143,447 persons; the Channel Islands Jersey, 28,717 statute acres, 8,338 inhabited houses, and 55,613 persons; and Guernsey and adjacent islands, 17,967 statute acres, 5,728 inhabited houses,

and 35,368 persons. The islands in the British Seas comprise 89,508 persons in 1821, 103,710 in 1831, 124,040 in 1841, 143,216 in 1851, and 143,447 in 1861.

Population of Mainland and Islands.-The population of the mainland and of the islands that have names around the coast was as follows: England and Wales (mainland) 19,933,664; islands off the mainland, 276,007 —viz., on the west coast; Isle of Man, 52,444; Calf of Man, 25; Valney, 294; Peel, 4; Chapel, 5; Holme, 8; Hilbre, 7; Anglesey, 54,603; Skerries Islands, 6; Bardsey, 81; Ramsey, 15; Skoholm or Shokham, 2; Caldey, 73; Barry, 21; and Lundy, 48. The Scilly Islands comprised St. Mary, 1,532; Trescoe, 399; St. Martin, 185; St. Agnes, 200; Bryher, 115; Sampson, —. On the south coast, St. Michael's Mount, 132; Looe, 8; Guernsey, 29,804; Jersey, 55,613; Sark, 583; Herm, 41; Alderney, 4,932; Jethou, 5; Isle of Wight, 55,362. On the east coast, Sheppey, 18,494; Coquet, 13; Fern or Staples, 23; and Holy Island, 935.

Average Number of Persons to a Family.-In England and Wales, exclusive of institutions, there were, in 1861, 3,737,821 inhabited houses, 4,489,840 families, and 19,668,642 persons. This gives an average of 4.38 persons to a family, 5.26 persons to each inhabited house, and 1.20 families to each inhabited house. The number of houses of rental of 201. and upwards assessed for duty in the year ending 30th April, 1862, was 519,991, giving a percentage of 13.9 of houses assessed to the total number inhabited. The estimated aggregate annual rental of the 3,739,505 houses was 58,013,1817., giving an average rental of 15. 5s. Those of 201. and upwards had an estimated rental, of 27,468,225l., or 52l. 8s. average; and those under 20., 3,219,514 in number, had an estimated rental of 30,544,9561., or 91. 5s. average.

Males and Females.-Of 100,000 males of all ages, 46,497 were under 20 years of age, 29,116 were between 20 and 40, 17,344 between 40 and 60, 6,500 between 60 and 80,

and 483 were 80 years and upwards. Of 100,000 females of all ages, 44,091 were under 20, 30,744 were 20 to 40, 17,305 were 40 to 60, 7,129 were 60 to 80, and 641 were 80 years and upwards. To 100 males at each age there were 99.81 females under 20, 111.14 of 20 to 40, 105.57 of 40 to 60, 114:38 of 60 to 80, and 139.63 of 80 and upwards.

Husbands and Wives.-There were, in all, 3,242,422 husbands, whose wives were resident with them. 3,810 husbands were under 20 years of age of whom 2,029 had wives under 20; 1,774 had wives of 20 to 40 years of age; 7 had wives of 40 to 60. 1,520,149 husbands of 20 to 40 years of age of these 23,737 had wives under 20; 1,404,649 of 20 to 40; 91,323 of 40 to 60; 630 of 60 to 80; 10 of 80 to 90. 1,310,629 husbands were of 40 to 60 of these 252 had wives under 20 years of age; 297,081 of 20 to 40; 967,884 of 40 to 60; 45,277 of 60 to 80; and 135 of 80 to 100. 392,844 husbands were of 60 to 80 years of age of these 20 had wives under 20; 6,956 of 20 to 40; 141,381 of 40 to 60; 240,834 of 60 to 80; 3,651 of 80 to 100; and 2 of 100 and upwards. 14,972 husbands were of 80 to 100 years of age: of these 2 had wives under 20; 123 of 20 to 40; 1,320 of 40 to 60; 9,878 of 60 to 80; 3,646 of 80 to 100; and 3 of 100 and upwards. 18 husbands were of 100 years and upwards of these 3 had wives of 40 to 60; 4 of 60 to 80; 9 of 80 to 100; and 2 of 100 and upwards. Of 100 males of the age of 20 and upwards, 27.7 were bachelors, 65.5 were husbands, and 6.8 widowers. Of 100 females of the age of 20 and upwards, 26-7 were spinsters, 60.1 wives, and 13-2 widows. There were 186,021 husbands whose wives were absent, and 246,530 wives whose husbands were absent. This gives to every 100 husbands 5.4 wives absent, and to every 100 wives 7.1 absent.

Legitimate and Illegitimate Births.—To every 100 married women aged 15 and under 55 the proportional number of legitimate births in 10 years, 1851-60 was 21.933. To every 100 spinsters and widows aged 15 and under 55, the proportional number of illegitimate births in the 10 years was 1.659.

Towns.-In England and Wales there were 72 large towns of 20,000 inhabitants and upwards, and they increased their population from

2,221,753 in 1801, to 7,667,622 in 1861, or 245 per cent., being at the annual rate of 2.085 per cent. The area of these 72 towns comprises 524,702 acres, or 820 square miles. London increased in population from 958,863 in 1801, to 2,803,989 in 1861, being an increase of 1,845,126, or 192 per cent, which was at the rate of 1.804 per cent. There were in all 781 towns in England and Wales of an area of 1,913,945 acres or 2,991 square miles, having in all a population of 10,960,998, giving a mean population of 14,035 to each town, 5.73 to an acre, and 3,665 to a square mile.

Professions. Of 10,983,558 persons of 20 years and upwards, 418,890 belonged to the professional class, 4,104,045 to the domestic, 500,623 to the commercial, 1,605,503 to the agricultural, 3,746,788 to the industrial, and 607,700 indefinite and non-productive. Το every 100 persons aged 20 years and upwards, of all occupations 3.8 were professional, 37.4 domestic, 4-6 commercial, 14.6 agricultural, 34.1 industrial, and 5 5 indefinite and nonproductive.

The Army. The total army was 229,561; viz., 19,017 cavalry, 28,275 artillery, 4,234 engineers, 162,416 infantry, 2,099 military train, 1,022 army hospital corps, 3,820 staff and commissariat, 8,291 colonial corps, and 378 East India depot, Warley. Of these 73,396 were stationed in England and Wales, 5,453 in Scotland, 1,810 in the Channel Islands, 28,507 in Ireland, 47,814 in the Colonies, 62,893 in India, 5,318 in China, and 4,376 on passage out or home. Of the 229,561 of all ages, 10,262 were officers, and 219,299 men. Their ages were as follows: 26,961 of 15 to 20, 93,312 of 20 to 25, 58,238 of 25 to 30, 29,371 of 30 to 35, 14,715 of 35 to 40, 4,629 of 40 to 45, 898 of 45 to 50, 498 of 50 to 55, 271 of 55 to 60, 151 of 60 to 65, 106 of 65 and upwards, and 44 not stated. Of 10,262 officers 7,397 were single, 2,639 married, 193 widowers, and 33 not stated. Of 219,299 men, 195,615 were single, 22,715 married, 958 widowers, and 11 not stated. The officers and men were born as follows: 130,437 in England, 20,896 in Scotland, 71,538 in Ireland, 6,633 in the Colonies and foreign parts, and 57 unknown.

The Navy. The total number of men

was 58,358: 5,255 officers, and 53,103 men; of whom 7,668 were on shore, and 50,690 on board ship. Of these 11,938 were on stations in England and Wales, 617 in Scotland, 930 in Ireland, 71 in the Channel Islands, and 37,074 abroad and cruising. Their ages were as follows: 588 were under 15 years of age, 11,635 of 15 to 20, 15,883 of 20 to 25, 9,168 of 25 to 30, 4,292 of 30 to 35, 2,622 of 35 to 40, 1,866 of 45 to 50, 541 of 50 to 55, 299 of 55 to 60, 94 of 60 to 65, 23 of 65 and upwards, and 2,674 not stated. Of the 4,120 officers, 2,978 were single, 882 married, 29 widowers, and 231 not stated. Of 46,570 men, 35,443 were single, 8,461 married, 223 widowers, and 2,443 not stated. Of the 50,690 officers and men, 35,179 were born in England, 3,038 in Scotland, 5,429 in Ireland, 649 in the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, 1,549 in the Colonies, 595 in foreign parts, 3 at sea, and 4,248 not stated.

The Royal Marines comprised 18,143 officers and men; of whom 3,157 were the Royal Marine Artillery, 3,659 Chatham Division, 3,750 Portsmouth Division, 3,999 Plymouth Division, and 3,578 Woolwich Division.

Merchant Seamen.-The total number of mariners afloat in British merchant vessels was 141,160, besides 72,627 on shore; making a total of 213,787 afloat and on shore, exclusive of those ashore in Scotland and Ireland. Of these 41,707 were home-trade and foreigngoing British vessels in British ports, 17,398 in home-trade vessels absent in the night but in port, and 82,055 in foreign-going vessels absent from the United Kingdom. Of the 141,160 seamen, including masters, mates, apprentices, and boys, 3,163 were under 15 years, 28,243 of 15 to 20, 35,301 of 20 to 25, 23,990 of 25 to 30, 16,393 of 30 to 35, 12,165 of 35 to 40, 9,173 of 40 to 45, 5,710 of 45 to 50, 3,514 of 50 to 55, 1,838 of 55 to 60, 1,212 of 60 to 65, 365 of 65 to 70, and 153 of 70 and upwards. 92,002 were born in England, 27,312 in Scotland, 13,479 in Ireland, 2,442 in the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, 4,126 in the Colonies, 1,658 in foreign parts, 4 born at sea, and 137 not stated. Of 59,105 mariners in port, 30,233 were single, 27,599 married, and 1,278 widowers.

Army and Navy Effectives.—To every 100 of the total forces, army and navy, in 1861, 75

belonged to the army and 25 to the navy and marines. In the army 4 per cent. were officers and 96 per cent. men. In the navy 8 per cent. were officers and 92 per cent. men. Of the effective army 8 per cent. were cavalry, 14 per cent. artillery and engineers, and 78 per cent. infantry. In the navy 76 per cent. were seamen and 24 per cent. marines. Of the army 57 per cent. were born in England and Wales, 9 per cent. in Scotland, 31 per cent. in Ireland, and 3 per cent. elsewhere. Of the navy and marines 79 per cent. were born in England and Wales, 5 in Scotland, 1 in the islands in British seas, 12 in Ireland, 2 in the Colonies, and 1 in foreign parts.

Birthplaces of the Inhabitants. Of the total number of inhabitants of England and Wales (20,066,224), 135,287 were born in Bedford, 176,256 in Berks, 167,993 in Buckingham,

176,016 in Cambridge, 505,428 in Chester, 869,390 in Cornwall, 205,276 in Cumberland, 339,327 in Derby, 584,373 in Devon, 188,789 in Dorset, 508,666 in Durham, 404,851 in Essex, 485,770 in Gloucester, 123,712 in Hereford, 173,280 in Hertford, 64,250 in Huntingdon, 733,887 in Kent, 2,429,440 in Lancaster, 237,412 in Leicester, 412,246 in Lincoln, 2,206,485 in Middlesex, 174,633 in Monmouth, 434,798 in Norfolk, 227,704 in Northampton, 343,025 in Northumberland, 293,867 in Nottingham, 170,944 in Oxford, 21,861 in Rutland, 240,959 in Salop, 444,873 in Somerset, 481,815 in Southampton, 746,943 in Stafford, 337,070 in Suffolk, 831,093 in Surrey, 363,735 in Sussex, 561,855 in Warwick, 60,817 in Westmoreland, 249,811 in Wilts, 307,397 in Worcester, 2,033,610 in York, and 1,111,780 in Wales.

England and Wales.

England Wales .....

541,677

611,235

718,353 806,274

911,705 1,005,721 1,111,780