anything to say that would make it worth while to bring him to the East. (Of course, people will give more money at missionary meetings if there is a "real, live Indian" on the platform, and I do not object to that, or intend any criticism of this method of obtaining contributions.) It is not probable that we shall receive much help from Indian thought in our endeavors to solve the Indian problem.

The "General Land in Severalty Bill" (which has recently become a law, and which is printed at the end of this volume), provides that when the lands allotted are only valuable for grazing purposes, an additional allotment of such grazing lands, the same in quantity as the first allotment, shall be made to each individual. That is, in regions only fit for grazing, each head of a family is to have 320 acres, each single person over eighteen years of age, 160 acres; each orphan child under eighteen years, 160 acres, and each other single person now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the President directing an allotment of the lands embraced in the reservation, eighty acres. (Women and girls are to have the same quantity of land as men and boys by the provisions of this law.) This double allotment should be made all over the Rosebud, Pine Ridge, Lower Brulé, Crow Creek,

Cheyenne River, Standing Rock, Montana Crow, and many other reservations.

Let us suppose for the sake of illustration, that two female calves are given to a young Indian. Assuming the best of care and good fortune, how soon can this Indian have cattle enough to support him and his family? The most successful cattle-growers in Dakota and Montana say, at home, among their own class, that an annual increase equal to fifty per cent. of the number of female cattle above two years old is the most that can be reasonably expected. Larger stories are published in the newspapers for effect, but these men say that only successful thefts at brandingtime will ensure a greater annual increase than this. About half the increase will, of course, be males. Now, how fast will the herd grow? This spring, 1887, let us say, there will be a calf in this Indian's barn-yard, and next spring, 1888, another. In 1889, the two-year old heifer may have a calf, making an addition of two for that year, and so on. Any one can count it up. The Indian should sell the male cattle at the most marketable age, and keep all his females to increase his herd. It will be readily seen that several years must elapse before an Indian can derive adequate support for his family from cattle-raising. He will suffer from accidents and the diseases of cattle, as other

herdsmen do. But it is a curious fact that many persons who can talk well refuse to consider or recognize these natural laws and limitations of the growth of a herd. "Oh," they say, "but there must be some way of growing faster than that.” But I do not care to insist upon any particular rate of increase. I have only used this method to try to induce people to consider the natural laws which govern this industry, so that we may not deal with the subject as if there were some magic which would enable every Indian to call up vast herds of cattle out of the ground within a year or two after we set him down, bare and unaided, on an arid plain in Montana or Dakota. When I hear some men talk of this subject, I wish that I could put them down out there, and have them take their own medicine.

I have had letters from several young women, who say they think that teaching in the Indian country would be an attractive and interesting work, and who ask how they can obtain employment in this field. The best way would be to write to some missionary in the region where one wishes to teach. But I do not feel inclined to encourage any young woman from the Eastern States to go to the Indian country for such a purpose, unless she has seen the reservation to which she thinks of going, and has friends there

who will give her needed support and protection. It is not always judicious or safe for a young woman to travel alone in the newer regions of the West, and the work of teaching Indians on the reservations is probably not very interesting or attractive to those who are engaged in it. I have nothing to say of the matter unless my judgment is asked for, but when consulted, am obliged to suggest that there are many reasons against such an enterprise.

Moral assassination, or the destruction of reputation and character, is often resorted to on Indian reservations, as a means of obtaining the dismissal of a teacher, or other Government employé, whose place is coveted by some person who naturally employs the vilest and most dishonorable means for the attainment of any object, simply because such influences are to him most familiar and congenial. I have often been told, in towns near Indian reservations, that for ten dollars one could obtain ten affidavits accusing any man or woman of any crime whatever, and I have no reason to doubt the truth of the assertion. No degree of excellence, of purity or elevation of character, affords the least security or protection against the foulest accusations, and the rule that virtue and goodness are sure to triumph in the end has some exceptions in the Indian service. After

careful observation and study of the psychology of many Indian reservations, especially that of the white people on and near them, I am obliged to conclude that in all cases of charges of wrongdoing or impropriety of any kind against any person in the Indian service, the presumption is in the accused person's favor.

The allotments provided for by the new law, authorizing the apportionment of lands to Indians in severalty, are to be made by special agents appointed by the President for the purpose, acting in conjunction with the Indian agents in charge of the reservations on which the allotments are to be made, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may from time to time prescribe. Much depends upon the selection of these special agents.

Whenever a treaty or Act of Congress by which a reservation was established provides for larger allotments than are required by the new law, the Indians of that reservation are to have the larger allotments, whatever their extent may be. It will be interesting to learn what Indians are entitled to these special allotments, exceeding those required, in ordinary cases, by the new general land in severalty law, and to ascertain how much land they are to have.

After lands have been allotted to all the Indians