Harrison County experienced some trouble in its regiment during the year. George T. Pope resigned his commission as first lieutenant of a rifle company and Richard McMahon was appointed to succeed him. On June 5, Lieutenant McMahon wrote to Governor Harrison from Corydon as follows:

"I expect you will not be a little surprised at a second application for a commition for me as first lieutenant of the Corydon Rifle Company. I am well apriesed, Sir, of the many perplexities and difficultyes you have to incaunter respectin the Militia of your Relm, and verry sorry that I should be one to trouble you. I was last spring provokt to distroy my commition under a determination never to bear a nother but finding myself imposed on by a mallitious lyor who indeavoerd to distroy the friendship existing between me and a man who I thought my best friend, the difference being settled to the satisfaction of both partys and being strongly soliscyted by the Company generally to continue to serve them, I thought I would be out of my duty as a man who wishes to sirve his Cuntrey to refuse. I feel myself under a constraint to beg your Excellenceys pardon and do hope for forgiveness as to a further explanation I hope to be able to give you full sattisfaction on our first pirsonall interview.

"Your most obedient and humble sirvent,

"RICHARD MCMAHON."

The plea was effective, for the commission was issued June 20, and the same day George Pope was appointed second lieutenant.

The rifle company declined to give 'Captain Spencer up. Lieutenant-Colonel Paddock reported the condition of affairs to the Governor. Captain Spencer was elected a field officer of the regiment and resigned his captaincy, but when the election for a new captain was over, it was found he had been again chosen, and he continued to fill the two offices. Thomas Berry was appointed a captain March 26 and a new company was received, of which the officers were Captain Hiram Boone, Lieutenant George Wooster and Ensign George McIntosh. Captain Rodman moved from the terri tory and Henry Duval was elected to succeed him, while Charles Bushey was elected to the command of the company formerly commanded by Captain Michael Smith. Two new companies which were accepted had as officers Captain Zachariah Lindley, Lieutenant James Macvay and Ensign Charles Battey; and Captain Andrew House, Lieutenant John Goldsby and Ensign John Carter. At this time there were five companies in the First Battalion, exclusive of the rifle company, and permission was asked to raise two more companies and an additional rifle company.

Dearborn County organized in May. On the 25th of that month James Dill was elected lieutenant-colonel commanding

and Samuel Fulton was elected major of the First Battalion and Enoch Smith major of the Second. Four days before, commissions were issued to Captain Justus S. Sertwell, Lieutenant Noyes Canfield, Ensign Daniel Bordman, Lieutenant Enoch Blasdell and Ensign Charles Stevens.

Clark County had several changes and on April 5 commissions were issued to William Patrick, John McCoy, William Montgomery and James Bigger as captains, John Jenkins, John Herrod, Henry Socles and John Chunn as lieutenants, and to Thomas Jacobs, Joseph Carr, Joseph Bowers and Joseph Stillwell as ensigns. Major John Owens resigned on June 12 and Captain Robert Robertson was promoted to fill the vacancy. Captain John Thompson died and Waller Taylor was elected to succeed him, while George Twilley was elected lieutenant and Joseph Stroud ensign. On June 1, Joseph Montgomery was commissioned captain, John Waller lieutenant and Leander Depin ensign in the Second Battalion of the Second Regiment of Knox County. George Wallice, Jr., was appointed second lieutenant of the Vincennes Dragoons on September 9, as John McCandless resigned.

County regiments are referred to but three other times in the territorial records. Robert Robertson was commissioned as colonel commanding the Clark County regiment on April 13, 1812, and this commission seems to have been the last so issued. On March 5 previous, a new rifle company was accepted which had been organized in Harrison County. The officers were Captain John Tipton, First Lieutenant Samuel Flanagan, Second Lieutenant Jacob Zenor and Ensign Philip Bell. On March 16, 1812, a commission was issued to Frederick Shoults as a captain in Franklin County.

Many other commissions were issued, but under the new order of affairs. The General Assembly created the rank of colonel by a law passed December 19, 1811, but before this was done a report of the strength of the militia was made to the general government. It showed a total strength of 4,160. The population under the census of 1810 was 24,520 and the organization of the militia was thorough. There was one adjutant-general, three quartermasters, three sergeantmajors, three quartermaster-sergeants and four drum and file-majors. In field officers there were eight lieutenantcolonels and sixteen majors. The line consisted of sixty-three captains, 126 lieutenants and ensigns, 193 sergeants, twentythree musicians and 3,630 of the rank and file. Other officers assigned brought the total to 4,160. The equipment consisted

of fourteen swords, 130 muskets, 1,109 rifles, thirty fusees, ten bayonets and 1,396 pouches and horns.

The new epoch in the militia of Indiana Territory not only included the change to the system of numbering regi ments in consecutive order and the departure from the more cumbersome method of denoting them by their counties, but it was the beginning of the terms of active service which characterized the latter portion of the days of the Territory. The system inaugurated during the year grew during the last territorial days and the first days of statehood until an enrolled and organized militia of over 50,000 members was the result. The year was not important in actual events, but it was marked by the incipient movement of the Indian war which followed during the next few years. Tecumseh had been active in his efforts to unite the tribes against the whites, and his efforts were ably seconded by his brother, the Prophet. General Harrison was empowered by Congress with authority to call out the militia, and in 1811 he marched against the town of the Prophet and totaly defeated the Indians in the battle of Tippecanoe.

Many conferences were held with the Indians previous to the campaign against them, and during 1810, among the confidential messengers sent to the Indians by the Governor were Francis Vigo, Toussaint Dubois, Joseph Barron, Pierre Laplante, John Conner, M. Brouillette and William Prince, all of whom were officers in the militia. The last message was sent to them through Captain Walter Wilson, but the British Indian agent encouraged the Indians and the war resulted.

Governor Harrison had called out 250 regular troops under command of Colonel Boyd, about sixty volunteers from Kentucky and 600 of the territorial militia, and with this force of 960 men he moved from Vincennes September 26, 1811, up the Wabash to Ft. Harrison, which he built. When the army arrived before the Prophet's town, encampment was made for the night, but before daybreak the Indians made the attack, which resulted in their overwhelming defeat.

The militia was well represented in the campaign. Four companies were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Luke Decker, and other officers from the militia were Major Noah Purcell; Daniel Sullivan, lieutenant and acting adjutant; Wil liam Reed, sergeant-major; James Smith, quartermaster; and Dr. Edward Scull, surgeon. The militia companies were commanded by Captain Spier Spencer, Captain Frederick

Guiger, Captain Scott, Captain Jacob Warrick, Captain John Norris, Captain William Hargrove, Captain Wilkins and Captain Walter Wilson. Captain Benjamin Parke commanded a company of dragoons, and his first lieutenant was Thomas Emerson and his second George Wallace. In Captain Wilson's company the other officers were Lieutenant B. V. Beckes and Ensign Joseph Macomb. After Captain Spencer was killed, his company of mounted riflemen was commanded by Captain Dubois. Colonel Joseph Bartholomew served under Colonel Boyd, of the regular forces, and rendered good service.

Governor Harrison, in his report of the battle, says: "Colonel Joseph Bartholomew, a very valuable officer, commanded, under Colonel Boyd, the militia infantry. He was wounded early in the action and his service lost to me. Lieutenant-Colonel Decker, who commanded the battalion. of infantry on the right of the rear line, preserved his command in good order. He was, however, but partially attacked. Several of the militia companies were in no wise inferior to the regulars. Spencer's, Guiger's and Warrick's maintained their posts amid a monstrous carnage; as, indeed, did Robb's, after it was posted on the left flank. Its loss of men (seventeen killed and wounded) and its keeping its ground are sufficient evidence of its firmness. Wilson's and Scott's companies charged with the regular troops and proved themselves worthy of so doing. Norris's company also behaved well. Hargrove's and Wilkins's companies were placed in a situation where they had no opportunity of distinguishing themselves, or I am satisfied they would have done so. This was the case with the squadron of dragoons also. After Major Daviess had received his wound, knowing it to be mortal, I promoted Captain Parke to the majority, than whom there is no better officer. My two aides-de-camp, Majors Hurst and Taylor, afforded me the most essential aid, as well in the action as throughout the campaign."

The loss in the engagement was thirty-seven killed and 151 wounded, and of the latter twenty-five died of their wounds. Among those killed or mortally wounded were Colonel Joseph Hamilton Daviess, Colonel Abraham Owen, Captain W. C. Baen, Captain Jacob Warrick, Captain Spier Spencer, Lieutenant Richard McMahon, Lieutenant Thomas Berry, Colonel Isaac White and Thomas Randolph. Among the wounded were Lieutenant-Coloned Joseph Bartholomew, Lieutenant-Colonel Luke Decker, Dr. Edward Scull, Adjutant

James Hunter, Lieutenant George P. Peters, Lieutenant George Gooding, Ensign Henry Burchstead, Captain John Norris and Captain Frederick Guiger.

The war of 1812, commenced in June, again called the militia into active duty. An Indian outbreak and attack on a settlement on the Wabash about thirty-five miles above Vincennes called out a portion of the militia of Knox County. One company of rangers was authorized by Congress to be raised in Indiana, under the call for 30,000 men. During the spring and summer, block houses were built on the frontier of Indiana, and one at Brookville was commanded by Lieutenant Breckenridge, one on Tanners Creek by Captain Blasdell, and one on Laughrey by Captain James McGuire. The slaughter of "Pigeon Roost settlement," in what is now Scott County, in which twenty-two persons were killed, called into service a portion of the Clark County militia under Major John McCoy and Captain Devault. This was in September, and the latter officer overtook the Indians in their flight and killed one.

All the campaigns against Indian villages were participated in by Indiana soldiers, but as a territorial organization the militia does not appear. When Governor Harrison assumed command of the army in 1812, it was provided that it was to consist of regular troops, rangers and militia from Kentucky and Ohio and 3,000 men from Pennsylvania and Virginia. Some Indiana companies accompanied General Harrison as far as what is now Piqua, Ohio, but the threaten. ing actions of the Indians on the frontier of Indiana caused them to hurry back for the protection of their homes. Many remained with the expedition as individuals, and early in the war companies were raised by Captains Russell, Perry and Modrell, while Captain Beckes raised a company of scouts.

During the winter of 1812-13, Indiana companies participated in the campaigns against the Indians by General Hopkins, and terrible privations and sufferings from the cold weather are recorded. An expedition under Colonel Joseph Bartholomew was sent out in June, 1813, to punish Indians who were hostile and who were lurking in villages on the west fork of the White River.

The war made the progress of the Territory necessarily slow. Governor Harrison resigned in 1812 to take the military command assigned him, and Thomas Posey, who was appointed Governor to succeed him, did not arrive until May 25, 1813. In the interval John Gibson, Secretary, served as