ANSWERS TO EXAMINATION IN CHART.

1.-Which is the north part of the chart.

2.-In our British charts there is always at least one compass, the true north point of which is designated by a star or other ornament.

3. I would lay the edge of a parallel ruler over the two given places, A and B, then taking care to preserve the direction, I would move one edge of the ruler until it came over the centre of the nearest compass on the chart, the circumference of the compass cut by the edge of the ruler would show the course according to the direction the one place is from the other.

4.-2 points of West variation should be allowed to the right hand, and the magnetic course would be NE by EE.

5.—I would measure one-half the distance on the chart by my dividers, then placing one leg of the dividers on the middle latitude, I would measure on each side of the same, and the distance measured between those two extreme points would be the distance.

6.-Because on a Mercator's chart the degrees of latitude increase as you approach the poles.

7.-Depths of water in fathoms, sometimes in feet.

8. At low water at ordinary springs.

9.—What are the requisites you should know in order that you may compare the depths obtained by your lead-line on board with the depths marked on the chart?

10.-What do the Roman numerals indicate that are occasionally seen near the coast and in harbours ?

11. How would you find the time of high-water at any place, the Admiralty tide-tables not being at hand, nor any other special tables available ?

All the above questions should be answered, but this does not preclude the Examiner from putting any other questions of a practical character, or which the local circumstances of the port may require.

9.-The time of the tide and the "rise and fall," or as it is now called the " mean spring range."

10.-The time of high water at that place at full and change of the

moon.

11.-To the time of high water at full and change I would add 49 minutes for every day that has elapsed since the full or change of moon, the sum would be the P.M. tide for the given day approximately; or, to the time of the moon's meridian passage, corrected for Longitude, add the port Establishment, the sum would be the P.M. tide required.

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS.

Q. A barge containing a cable chain comes along side, which end would you put on to the anchor ?

A. Put that end on to the anchor which will make the bend of the shackles go out of the hawser pipe first.

Q. What will you do with the other end?

A. Secure it to the mast, keelson, beam, or shackle it to the other chain.

Q. You are by the wind and make the land suddenly about half a cable's length ahead, what would you do?

A. Try to stay the ship, if she miss stays, haul all the yards aback, wear her short round on her heel, and change the helm for a stern board.

Q. You are riding in a roadstead, there is a sea on, a lighter deep load comes alongside, how would you get the cargo on board?

A. Clap a spring on the cable, heave the ship broadside on the sea, and moor the lighter at the lee side.

Q. You are taking in timber at a bow port in an open roadstead; or in a tide way.

A.

Take the cable chain in at one quarter, and a hawser chain fast to the cable at the other.

Q. You are becalmed, the ship is forging ahead towards the land, a swell is setting her towards it; can you do anything to keep her off?

A. If in anchorage, let go the anchor, if the water be rather too deep for the anchor, let go the big kedge with the hawser chain fast to it; if not in anchorage, and the sea be not too heavy, hoist the boat out and tow the ship's bow off the land.

Q. While your bow is towards the shore, a light breeze comes on your off quarter, get your bow from the land as soon as possible?

A. Put the helm down, haul out the mizen, haul the boom and gaff into 'midships, brace the main yard up, haul and keep the head yards lifting full, haul the jibs and staysail down.

Q. You are sailing up and down a river, it is nearly a calm, the ship won't steer.

A. Get a boat ahead and tow the ship as may be required.

Q. There are ships ahead of you at anchor, you cannot clear them? A. Let go the anchor and dredge clear of them.

Q. You are at sea, becalmed, a weak current is against you, there are 30 or 40 fathoms of water?

A. Let go the big kedge with a hawser chain fast to it.

Q. You keep Whitby Lights in one, where will they lead you?
A. On the Scar Rock.

Q. You are going into the Downs, it is rather hazy, you see no other lights except the South Foreland; how do you keep the ship off the land?

A. Keep the lights in sight above the edge of the cliff.

Q. When would you anchor ?

A. I would keep the South Foreland Lights bearing S.W. W. keep the lead going, anchor as soon as the ship was sheltered from the sea until the weather cleared up.

Q. It is clear, when would you anchor ?

A. Supposing the East Goodwin Light visible, bring it to bear E by SS and the South Foreland SW W, bring up in 8 fathoms.

Q. You are lying to, your topsails blow away?

A.

Set the close-reefed main staysail, or mizen.

Q. It is a very heavy gale, all your sails blow away?

A. Spread a tarpaulin, or a bolt of canvass up the mizen rigging.

Q. You see a light just dipping, you know that it is either Portland or the Casquets, from the distance and state of the atmosphere, you cannot make out whether it flashes, or how many there are ?

A. Determine which lights they are by their bearings, and by sounding.

ADDITIONAL FOR FIRST MATE.

OFFICIAL LOG BOOK.

REMARKS.-A first mate must be able to make the entries in the official log book.

He must insert the ship's draught of water when load, and the clear side from the water's edge to the lowest part of the deck.

Q. What is the official log book, and what is it for ?

A. It is a book in a form sanctioned by the Board of Trade. It is to make entries concerning the ship's crew and passengers.

Q. When must the entries be made?

A. As soon as possible after the occurrence to which it relates.

Q. What is the latest time that the entry can be made?

A. Twenty-four hours after the arrival of the ship at her final port

of discharge.

Q. How is the entry to be made?

A. The entry should be made by the master, signed by him and the mate, or one of the crew.