The Vegetation and Physiography of Sumatra: MapsSpringer Science & Business Media, 28 Feb 1997 - 222 halaman Fifteen years ago, approximately half the world population was estimated to live in continental and insular South-East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Kampuchea, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines). Then the region had a population growth of four million people every month, and the problem of malnutrition was acute for the rural population. International agricultural development organisations decided that their primary aim would be to double existing levels of agricultural production and, taking account of population growth, to double it again by the end of the century (Whyte 1976). Today, while global issues have greatly affected the parameters of the problem, the situation remains both serious and difficult. Despite impressive efforts in education and health, Indonesia for example, where population (179 millions) growth eased off only slightly between 1980 and 1990 (from 2. 3 percent to 1. 9 percent), is having to cope with increasing difficulties in managing natural resources and particularly its evanescent forest assets which, until 1986, were the second largest source of national revenue. Indonesia has the second largest surface area of tropical rain forests in the world (after Brazil) and thus all the problems linked with management and disappearance of those forests. The latest estimate gives a figure of 109 million hectares of forest in 1990, of which 40. 8 million hectares are production forests (Anon. -F AO 1990). |
Isi
Methodology | 4 |
Method used for vegetation classification and analysis during the present survey | 11 |
Physical environment and physiographic classification of the vegetation | 19 |
Bioclimates | 27 |
Rainfall patterns in Sumatra | 27 |
Physiographic classification of the vegetation | 35 |
History of the vegetation and phytogeography | 41 |
Phytogeography of Malesia | 44 |
The physical environment Geomorphology topography | 101 |
Primary forests | 103 |
Plant formations on medium altitude nonkarst hill zones 450800 m | 108 |
Plant formations on karst hills Location extent and forest status | 113 |
Mountain forests | 124 |
The physical environment | 124 |
Submontane forests 8001400 m | 124 |
Montane forests 14001900m | 132 |
Phytogeography of Sumatra | 47 |
Vegetation and forest types | 53 |
Plant formations in lowland swamp areas alt 15 m | 54 |
Fresh water swamp formations on alluvium | 54 |
Peat swamp environments | 55 |
Plant formations of the plains and piedmonts drained soils at low elevation 150m | 68 |
The physical environment | 71 |
Primary formations | 74 |
Secondary types | 98 |
Hillside formations | 100 |
Tropical subalpine forests 2500 m | 135 |
Main agroforest types and structure | 140 |
Floristics | 141 |
Conclusions and perspectives | 144 |
References | 147 |
SPECIES INDEX | 159 |
Maps used for the present vegetation study | 171 |
Legend and planimetry of the vegetation map of Sumatra correspondance between the three sheets numbering used | 172 |
Edisi yang lain - Lihat semua
Istilah dan frasa umum
abundant Aceh acid Aglaia alluvial altitude altitudinal zonation Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Aporusa Ardisia Artocarpus Ashton Baccaurea Barisan Bengkulu Bogor Borneo Burseraceae Calophyllum canopy ceae Central Sumatra classification Clusiaceae cover Crown overlapping dense Diospyros dipterocarp dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae distribution dominated dry season Drypetes east eastern Ecol ecological Elaeocarpus emergent trees environment Eugenia sp Euphorbiaceae Fagaceae Ficus flora floristic composition forest types forestry formations Garcinia geological Gluta Hevea hills Hopea Horsfieldia humid Indonesia island Jambi Java javanica Kerinci Knema Lake Toba Lampung land Laumonier Lauraceae Lithocarpus lowland forests mainly Malay Malaysia Malesia mangrove massifs Meliaceae Montane mountain Myrtaceae Neoscortechinia observed Padang Palaquium Palembang Pandanus peat swamps piedmonts pinnata plains plant plots population rainfall region Riau Rubiaceae Santiria Sapotaceae Sarawak Schima sectors Shorea slopes soils South Sumatra species Steenis Structural ensemble studies submontane sumatrana swamp forest Symplocos vegetation map volcanic wallichii west coast Whitmore zone