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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA STATE TEACHERS' INSTITUTE.

HELD AT MERCANTILE LIBRARY HALL,

SAN FRANCISCO, SEPT, 13-16, 1870.

FIRST DAY.

TUESDAY, September 13th.

Institute called to order by Hon. O. P. Fitzgerald, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who, after a few well-chosen words of welcome, announced the order of exercises for the morning session.

Opening exercise, singing in full chorus the National air, "America,” Professors Elliot and Crossett leading. Next followed the sacred chant, "I will lift up mine eyes unto the Lord," by the State Normal class.

Permanent organization being next in order, nominations for Vice President were solicited by the Chair. Professor Williams nominated Hon. J. M. Burnett, Chairman City Board of Education. At suggestion of State Superintendent, G. K. Godfrey, of Siskiyou, was put in nomination. Both gentlemen were elected by acclamation, and immediately assumed the duties of their offices.

W. J. Dakin, of Calaveras, was nominated by Professor Marks, Principal of the Lincoln Grammar School, for Secretary, and unanimously elected. Dr. Fitzgerald appointed Miss Carrie Field and Miss Kate Kennedy, Assistant Secretaries. On motion of Professor Carlton, they were invited to occupy seats at the Secretary's desk.

On motion of Professor Knowlton, a committee of five on resolutions was appointed by the Chair. R. B. Warren, N. Furlong, L. R. Clarke, G. W. Simonton and E. Rousseau were appointed on said committee.

H. E. Makinney, W. Kennedy and H. N. Nutting were appointed by the Chair as Committee on Questions.

The Chair appointed M. M. Scott, Colonel McGowan, George Beanston, Miss Nellie Holbrook, Miss Mary Pascoe and Miss Rosa Levinson, Committee on Social Exercises.

Hon. J. M. Burnett was introduced, and delivered the opening address. He welcomed the teachers of the State to this annual gathering. He paid a handsome tribute to the teachers' profession, and urged the teachers present to advance still higher in this noble calling. The address, though short, was replete with thorough culture, high moral principle, and an earnest purpose to do all in his power to help on the great cause of popular education.

A resolution was offered, declaring the pupils of the Normal School, many of whom had been engaged in teaching, members of the Institute. The following names of teachers were enrolled:

San Francisco County.-Miss Maramne Bonnard, Mrs. C. A. Anderson, Miss E. White, Miss McEwen, Miss Amelia Goldstein, L. W. Reed, Miss Nellie Baldwin, Miss Agnes Chalmers, Philip Prior; Misses Annie E. Hucks, Fannie Mitchell, F. L. Soule, Jennie L. Gibbs, Emma F. Calhoun, Lottie C. Delong, Lottie K. Clark, Emily W. O'Neil, Anna Cora Withington, Ella F. Dormer, Lizzie Boyd, Susie McInerny, Marion Stokum, Susie H. Earle; George E. Rogers; Misses Ida E. Dickins, Almira T. Flint, H. Featherly, M. E. Dames, Adele Kohneke, Ellen G. Grant, Mary H. Esterbrook, Florence L. G. Ames, Mary Hart, Kate Burnell; Charles F. Tilbey, E. O. Capprise; Misses Sarah P. Lillie, Mary E. Smith, Katie McFadden, Mary Ahern, Blanche Hirth, Clara Earle, Emily Tibbie, Annie Putnam; Ludwig Michaelsen; Misses Kate Casey, Lizzie E. White, Mrs. Rebecca T. Carter, Miss Amy A. Hopkins, Mrs. Frances M. Pugh, Misses Carrie L. Smith, S. Louise Templeton, M. E. Harrington, Cecelia Dorsh, Helen E. Moulton, Carrie L. Hunt, Sadie Davis, Tillie C. Stohr, Annie L. Gray, Nellie M. Owens, Pauline Wolf, Caroline A. Harper, Mrs. A. E. DuBois, Misses Bertha Chapins, Sallie J. Hall, Isabel Gallagher, Mary J. O'Neill, Ellen Gallagher, Emma E. Stincen, Ada Filmer, Sallie A. Rightmire, Elizabeth B. Easton, Kate F. McColgan, Belle Rankin, Naomi E. Hoy, Alice C. Gregg, Georgie E. Morton, Mary W. Hastings, Ruth G. Campbell, Georgie Stackpole, Amy T. Campbell, Belle Wheaton, M. A. Salsbury; William W. Holder, Dr. James Wideman, H. P. Carlton, F. E. Kennedy, Mrs. Amelia H. Hammill, John A. Moore; Misses Hattie Folger, Sarah E. Miller, Amelia Joice; Thomas M. Benjamin; Misses Arlie Stincen, Margaret McKenzie, Lizzie C. Wells, Mrs. Matilda Lewis Jordan, Miss E. F. Hassett, Mrs. M. Dupuy, Mrs. Kate McLaughlin; Professor W. Gordon; Misses Amelia Fallon, Pauline Hart, Eureka A. Bonnard, Jennie M. A. Hurley, Nellie A. Littlefield, Mrs. Laura F. Hopkins, Mrs. A. W. Furbush, Misses Mary Haswell, Madge Turnbull, Mrs. Lizzie J. Deetkin, Miss Jean Parker; W. J. Gorman, S. A. Field; Miss Josephine C. Evans, L. Maria F. Wanzer, Mrs. Mary A. Colby, Misses Mary Roper, Mary Pascoe, Belinda Roper, Estelle Nichol, M. F. Smith, Lottie C. McKean, Abbie L. Ross, Lizzie A. Winn, Hettie A. F. Greene; S. Louise Brown; Miss K. A. O'Brien; J. Phelps, Deborah Hyman; Misses E. M'Kie, R. Levinson, Mary A. Casebolt, Rebecca Paul, C. Polemann, Mrs. L. A. Russell; E. C. Marcus, S. S. Howell; Misses Mary E. Roberts, Louisa K. Judy, Jennie N. Bell, Katie Hurley, Katie F. Grady, Clotilda Herrera, Eva Hilton, Lily Graham, Mary J. McNichol, Ida M. Kervan; Gazena Garrison; Miss M. A. Humphreys; Noah F. Flood, Ebenezer Knowlton; Misses Annie M. Dore, Isabel Whitney, Julia M. Gelston, Mrs. F. E. Reynolds, Sarah M. Gunn, Lizzie LeB. Gunn, Misses Lillie J. Hardman,. Georgie N. Taylor, R. B. Wilkinson, Mary A. Ward; J. P. Royall, Albert Lyser, Mary Murphy, Carrie P. Field, Lizzie C. Wells, John Swett, Henry N. Bolander, P. A. Garrin, Grace Smith, Emily C. Rand, Mrs. Dorcas Clark, Miss Agathaven Bunan, Mrs. H. B. Nevins, Misses Carrie P. Benjamin, Fannie M. Sherman; Mr. Adolph Herbst, Mrs. A. Baldwin, Misses Carrie M. Chase, Hattie J. Estabrook, Maria L. Soule, Lizzie McCollam, Fidelia Jewett, Annie E. Slavan, Mr. L. D. Allen; Misses Katie Gorman, E. Seigerman, Mary E. Perkins, Alice M. D'Arcy, Sadie E. Frissel, Sadie C. Johnson, Emily T. Pearson, Hattie A. Lyons, Fronie F. Clapp, Eliza W. Houghton, Irene Doyle, Susanna R. Plank, Mary E. Lineger, Maria A. Doran, Mary E. Savage, Hattie K. Rixon, M. L. Knowlton, M. M. Futtig, M. E. King, Carrie L. Powers, C. S. Harbaugh, Susie S. Kidmore; Bernhard Marks, Professor W. J. G. Williams; Misses Ida Lander, Ida M. Richards, M. E. Owen, Matilda Moore, Emma L. McElroy, Mary Corkery, Mrs. L. Sylvester, Virginia Coulon, Misses A. Rowe, Florence Wheeler, Mrs. M. Caldwell, Misses Maria O'Connor, Jane E. Greer, Mary A. Castellan, Ellen M. Carlisle, I. Solomon, Etta Solomon, Mrs. L. Allen, Mrs. I. K. Floyd, Misses Ellen Donovan, Susie A. Mowry, Helen A. Grant, Clara Bucknam, L. A. Swain, E. M. Hodge, Bessie Malloy, Maggie L. Jordan, M. A. Brady, S. E. Duff, M. Solomon, Mrs. Mary A. Lowe, Misses F. A. Stowell, P. M. Stowell, M. E. Stowell, H. M. Thompson, Augusta C. Robertson, Carrie D. Trask, Lizzie Callaghan, Emma Welton, Bettie Bruckmann, Kate M. G. Kelly, Eva L. Hilton, Kate M. Fuller, Louise Lacey, Maggie E. Smith, Jennie Glasgow, Mrs. Mary J. E. Crocker, Misses Lizzie F. Norris, Matilda Lewis Jordan, Mary H. Smith, Clara G. Dolliver, Selina Bornstein; Dr. W. T. Lucky, Truman Crossett, W. D. Murphy, Washington Elliot, Mrs. Sankey, Mrs. E. P. Bradley, Misses E. A. Cleveland, M. Y. Austin; Mr. J. B. Short; Misses Kate Ken

nedy, Mary F. Metcalf, Mrs. E. A. Wood, Mrs. Margaret Dean, Misses K. M. Donovan; Julia Henry, Mary Little, Lillie L. Gummer, Nellie O'Loughlin, Melissa E. D'Arcy, Annie B. Chalmers, Addie B. Sawyer, Cornelia E. Campbell, Mrs. H. M. Woodworth, Misses C. C. Bowen, N. A. Doud, Mary Williams, L. Overend, Sallie Reber Hart, Mary F. Byrnes, Annie S. Jewett; John C. McKowen; Miss Lucy Erichson, Mrs. William R. Duane; Joseph O'Connor; Misses Cherry, L. A. Humphreys, Carrie A. Menges, Adele Fittig; Charles H. Ham, Marion M. Scott; Misses Grace Wright, Grace Chalmers, Kate Galvin, M. Viola, M. Whighman, Rebecca O. Skinner, Mrs. L.A. K. Clappe, Misses Minnie T. Kimball, T. J. Carter, Laura T. Fowler, Martha A. Lawless, Carrie M. Chase, Marion E. Rowell, Mrs. S. J. Baumgardner, Miss C. M. Pattee; George Robertson; Miss Holmes, Miss Margaret Wade, Mrs. Helen P. Shipley, Miss Mattie Ritchie, Miss D. S. Prescott, Mrs. R. T. Ingraham, Misses Cornelia Swain, M. A. Lloyd, M. C. Robertson, Ellen F. Bouse, Lucy Birdsall, J. A. Forbes, G. Holbrook, M. E. Gallagher, M. J. Gallagher, Bessie Hallowell, Mrs. R. Estrayer, Miss Elizabeth M. Tiebout, Miss Juliet Anthony; Charles E. Manham; Miss Jessie Smith, Miss Mary J. Little; Theodore Bradley; Misses Hattie B. Childs, Jennie Smith, H. M. Fairchild, Annie A. Hill, Sarah A. Barr, Mary W. Kincaid, M. T. Sickel, Mary E. Bennett, Carrie Warmgren, Mollie L. Davidson, Sarah Regan, Julia O'Brien, Liley Silvey, J. E. Standford, Hattie L. Wool, Emma F. Brown, Mary A. Burrill, Mrs. L. A. Morgan, Miss Annie Gibbons, Mrs. Aurelia Griffith, Mrs. E. H. B. Varney, Misses Annie E. Dowling, Annie E. Stevens, Maggie J. Bromley, Florence L.. Stark, Mary D. Stevens, Flora Weihe, Maggie Howard, Annie J. Hall, Susie Colburn, Julia B. Brown, Sallie Estelle Fox, E. A. Shaw, Mrs. B. F. Moore, Mrs. Sarah N. Joseph; Charles F. True, E. D. Humphrey; Theresa M. Sullivan, Augusta I. Fink, Misses Julia A. Doran, Mary Humphrey, Sarah H. Mayers, Mary J. Bragg, Julia Sichel, Esther Goldsmith, Nellie Robinett, Sarah Boyle, Mrs. Emily Foster, Mrs. E. S. Forester, Cecilia Carter.

Alameda County.-Misses Amelia C. Ortman, Mary E. Farley, Bella Glennon, Mary Grigsby, Mary Clow, Florence Grigsby; Mr. R. Chalmers, Rev. W. F. B. Lynch, Rev. L. R. Clarke, Mrs. N. Cruikshank, Miss Ella M. Harow, Mrs. Lucretia A. Steele, Miss S. H. Foster, Miss E. A. Clough, Mrs. L. M. Penwell, Encinal District. S. A. Penwell, Ocean View. A. L. Fuller, William Kermode, E. G. Coe, Livermore. Miss Alice McAteer, Miss Georgie Irwin, State Normal School. Miss Clara Porter, Encinal District. Miss Charlotte Ogilvie, Eden Vale District.

Santa Cruz County.-Miss Ada A. Bailey, Santa Cruz. Miss Irene Parsons, Aptos. Miss Juliet A. Hardy, Santa Cruz. Mr. W. H. Hobbs, Soquel. Miss M. A. Thomas, Pajaro. Misses Bamy M. Tyrus, Belle A. Sime, Ada Greene, Mr. Charles Johns, Miss Nellie S. Doxey, Miss Della H. Pierce, Edward C. Newell, H. E. Makinney, Miss Matilda E. Baker, Elizabeth Powell, Mrs. Alice E. Thompson, Miss Julia A. Chase, Miss Addie Gardner, William White, W. W. Kennedy, Misses Sophia B. Perry, May Cooper, Emma Frick.

Solano County.-Miss Anna A. Gibson, John McFadden, Miss Sophie A. Simonton, Mary Foye, Mary Hall, Mary Rutherford, C. J. Lawrence, Delia Swetland, Mary Tourtelotte, Isabella Murphy; Mr. McFadden, George W. Simonton, A. W. Dozier, William Crowhurst, William F. Roe, George C. Mack, William P. Welch, Jerome Banks, C. W. Childs, George B. Anderson, John K. Law; Misses A. H. Fisher, H. E. Mize, S. J. Creighton, M. C. Winchester; A. W. Peck, Sallie Garitson, N. Smith, Mrs. F. E. Smith, Mr. N. V. Ashbrook, Vallejo. Miss Deppie W. Hardman, Vaca District. Mrs. C. J. Lawrence, Miss Annie Hayes, Silveyville District. E. Rousseau, Fairfield District. Miss Julia J. Benjamin, Normal School. M. J. Patten, Rockville District. A. J. Howe, Fremont District, Dixon. William H. Fry, Vaca Station. Miss L. L. Brown, BinghampMiss Josephine Wundenburg.

ton.

Monterey County.-R. B. Warren, Miss Ella Warren, Monterey District.

San Joaquin County.-Miss M. M. Elliott, Turner District. John L. Barton, Brunswick District. S. W. Blaisdell, State Normal School. H. Wermouth, Irving P. Henning, Misses Emma Elliott, Letta J. McPhee; W. H. Garrison, H. C. Coley, John B. Lillie, Volney Rattan, W. R. Leadbetter.

Marin County.-R. Means Davis, Aurora District. Miss Celia McAllep, Estero District. Siskiyou County.-Grove K. Godfrey, Misses Mary J. Hayne, F. W. Chafrin; Arthur Borie. Contra Costa County.-Miss S. C. Gilman, Emmet L. Wemple, Misses Clara Germain, Ella Sherman, Rosa Randall, Fannie L. Ham; H. S. Raven, Miss Susie Robinson.

Santa Clara County.-Misses Lelia Kratzer, Mary A. Cottle, Ella Russell, N. Furlong, Fannie M. Price; J. A. Hill, San José. R. E. Wenk, Santa Clara. G. E. Lighthall, Orchard street, San José. J. H. Braly, Santa Clara.

Miss S. M. Hayes, Sonoma.

Sonoma County.-Leander Cummins, Burnside District.
Placer County.-Mrs. Mary Agnes Phelan, Forest Hill.
Yuba County.-Joseph A. Filcher, Yuba. F. D. Soward, State Normal School.
Brown's Valley. Mrs. A. A. Wilder.

A. J. Ewalt,

Yolo County.-E. B. Banks, H. H. Banks, J. J. McDonald, Miss Mary A. Fellows, M. Marshall, W. W. Stone.

Mariposa County.-N. Zaraida Woodward, James E. Clark,

Shasta County.-Miss Ellen A. Conway, William J. Dakin.

San Mateo County.-Miss Maggie T. Byrne, H. N. Nutting, Patrick Troy, William A. Yates, Mrs. M. A. Derby, Miss Marie E. Robinson.

Santa Barbara County.-Misses Maggie Halley, Jane Smith; Mr. O. T. Redfield. Miss Carrie Lassan, State Normal School.

Tehama County.-George T. Morris, Mrs. M. M. Vincent, Red Bluff.
Sacramento County.-Charles E. Bishop, Fannie E. Bennett.

Butte County.-J. P. Garlick, Miss Annie Carroll.

Tuolumne County.-Fred. Crossett, John Ruddock.

Amador County.-Miss Lillie Wheeler, Jackson. D. W. Jenks, State Normal School.
Los Angeles County.-W. S. Taylor, State Normal School.

El Dorado County.-Miss Ellen C. Burns.

Oregon.-James M. Sharp, State Normal School.

Ohio.-James T. Hamilton, Cincinnati.

The enrolment list showed five hundred and twenty members in attendance-three hundred and forty from the City and County of San Francisco on the opening of the Institute.

Mrs. Matilda Lewis Jordan, of the State Normal School, was introduced, and illustrated the Oswego method of object teaching. Mrs. Jordan was received with much applause, and deserves a high rank in the profession.

Ad

Motion adopted that the sessions of the Institute be from half-past nine to twelve o'clock A. M, and from two to four o'clock P. M. journed.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

Opening exercise, singing, "Mount Vernon Bells."

Professor E. S. Carr, of the State University, was introduced, and gave a lecture on "Air." The Professor proceeded to give a clear and thorough analysis of the atmosphere, and especially to adapt his remarks to the hygienic principles, as applied to the school room. It would be impossible to give here even an outline of the able lecture and close reasoning with which the Professor fully demonstrated the necessity of developing the physical in connection with the moral and intellectual training of our youth. We can only hope that the public may have the privilege of seeing the lecture in print.

Professor Bernhard Marks, Principal of the Lincoln Grammar School, San Francisco, was next introduced, and proceeded to treat the subject of mathematics. The Professor took strong grounds against merely memorizing arithmetic, and protested against the constant drill on rules. He said that arithmetic is divided into three parts-matter, system and method. He proceeded to explain the science of teaching this branch of study philosophically, and claimed that by this method the perceptive, reasoning and other faculties of the mind would be developed, and not the memory alone, as is too frequently the case.

Professor Anderson, of Petaluma, desired to place the seal of condemnation upon the theory advanced by Professor Marks. He contended that the pupils should have the benefit of rules committed to memory. He said that object teaching was overdone, and did not answer the requirements claimed by Professor Marks.

Professor Marks responded, and stated that while he did not propose to do away with mental exercises entirely, he thought they were but one of the main avenues by which the mind was reached, and claimed superior advantages in more diversified methods of instruction. The following programme was announced for Wednesday:

Reading of minutes.

FORENOON.

Lecture: "Ungraded Schools," by J. P. Garlick, of Butte County. Discussion on methods of teaching reading, by Professor E. Knowlton and others.

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