born 1717, who married his niece and enjoyed a matrimonial crownM. Josepha, married 1746 to Ferdinand the Sixth of Spain, and two other children. He died 1750.

Joseph the First, son of John the Fifth and the archduchess Mary Anne of Austria, was born 1714-succeeded his father 1750.-He married 1729 Mary Anne Victoria, daughter of Philip the Fifth of Spain, who had been. betrothed to Lewis the Fifteenth, and, after remaining four years in France, was returned on account of her youth.-He had by her his successor Mary, F. Isabella-Mary Benedicta, married to her nephew the prince of Brazil, and two other children.-He died February 1777.

HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.

DESCENT.

THE different branches of the house of Brandenburg, according to Busching, derive their origin from Godfrey, count of Zollern Hohenloe, who was burgrave of Nuremberg in the reign of the emperor Conrad the Third, who died 1152.-From him descended the burgrave Frederic the Fifth, to whom the electoral mark of Brandenburg was granted by the emperor Sigismund in 1415.-His descendant, the elector John George, who was born 1525, had three sons. His eldest, Joachim Frederic, continued the electoral line-the second, Christian, was the founder of the house of Brandenburg Bareith, (of which that of Culembach is a branch) -and the youngest, Joachim Ernest, was the founder of the present house of Brandenburg Anspach.-John Sigismund, son of Joachim Frederic, made a great addition to the domains and pretensions of the electoral house by his marriage with Anne, heiress of Albert Frederic duke of Prussia and Mary Eleanor, eldest daughter of William duke of Cleves, Juliers and Berg, and coheiress of thel ast duke John William. By her he had the domains of Albert Frederic; and also, after a warm contest with the other claimants on the domains of the duke of Cleves, obtained the

b See 1772.

b

the duchy of Cleves with the countries of Mark and Ravensburg. He was the father of George William; who married a daughter of Frederic the Fourth, elector Palatine, by whom he had his successor Frederic William, born, 1620, and other children.

Frederic William, who may be considered as the founder of the greatness of this house, had by his first electress, Louisa of Orange, Frederic, his heir, and another son; and by his second, Dorothy of Holstein Glucksburg, several sons and daughters.-Frederic succeeded his father in 1688, and was honoured with the regal diadem by the emperor in 1701. He had, by his second electress, Elizabeth of Hesse Cassel, his successor Frederic William. -This monarch succeeded to the throne in 1713. He married Sophia Dorothy daughter of George the First of England, by whom he had Frederic, his heir, William Augustus, and Henry; and six daughters, married to the marquis of Brandenburg Bareith, the margrave of Brandenburg Anspach, the duke of Brunswick Wolfembuttel, the margrave of Brandenburg Schwedt, and the king of Sweden: the sixth was abbess of Queidlinburg. Frederic the Second succeeded his father in 1740. He was married to Elizabeth of Brunswick Wolfembuttel, but had no child.

William Augustus, brother of the preceding, was born 1722-married Louisa Amelia, daughter of Frederic Albert duke of Brunswick Wolfembuttel 1742; by whom he had Frederic William, king of Prussia-Frederic H. Charles, born 1747-Frederic Sophia Wilhelmina, born 1751, married 1767 to William prince of Orange. He died 1758.

FREDERIC WILLIAM THE SECOND, son of the preceding, was born 1744. He married, in 1765, Elizabeth Christiana Ulrica of Brunswick Wolfembuttel, by whom he had the princess Frederica Charlotte, born 1767, married in 1791 to Frederic duke of York. He was divorced from this queen in 1768; and married, in 1769, the princess Frederica Louisa of Hesse Darmstadt, by whom he had Frederic William-Frederic Charles, born 1773; and some other children.-FREDERIC WILLIAM THE THIRD, now on the throne, was born 1770, and succeeded his father in 1797. In 1798 he married the princess Louisa Augusta of Mecklenburg Strelitz, by whom he has three sons and two daughters.

VOL. IV.

3 P

BRANCH

BRANCH OF BRANDENBURG ANSPACH.

THE present family of Brandenburg Anspach was founded by Joachim Ernest, third son of the elector John George.-He was the grandfather of John Frederic, who had by his second wife, a princess of Saxe Eisenach, W. Frederic, his successor, and Caroline Wilhelmina, married to George the Second of Great Britain.-W. Frederic married a daughter of the duke of Wirtemburg, by whom he had his successor Charles, who married the princess Frederica Louisa, daughter of Frederic William the Second of Prussia, by whom he had Christian Charles Frederic, the present margrave of Brandenburg Anspach, who was born 1736, and in 1754 married the princess Frederica Caroline of Saxe Saalfield: after her death, he, in 1791, married the dowager lady Craven.

HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK.

THE several branches of the house of Brunswick derive their descent from Azo d'Est, who had great possessions in Lombardy.-Azo coming into Germany with the emperor Conrad the Second, about 1030, and marrying the sister and heiress of Guelph, or Welpho, a Bavarian nobleman, succeeded him in his domains: and the emperor Henry the Fourth gave his eldest son, Guelph, the investiture of the duchy of Bavaria, from which Otho of Saxony was driven for rebellion.-From him descended duke Henry the Second, who received the investiture of Saxony also from the emperor Lothaire the Second, his father-in-law. But his son, Henry the Third, revolting against Frederic Barbarossa, was by him deprived of all his estates and forced to fly for refuge to Henry the Second of England, whose daughter Matilda he had married. By his means he was put in possession of the counties of Brunswick and Lunenburg; which were erected into a

duchy

1

duchy by the emperor Otho the Fourth, in favour of his third son William; and which were confirmed to Otho, son of William, by the emperor Frederic the Second.-From him descended duke Magnus the Second, who was the common ancestor of the lines of Brunswick Lunenburg and the first line of Brunswick Wolfembuttel; his son Bernard being the founder of the former and Henry of the latter, which became extinct in 1634.-Ernest, duke of Brunswick Lunenburg, the descendant of Bernard, dying 1546, left four sons; of whom the two eldest left no heirs -his third son Henry, was the founder of the second line of Brunswick Wolfembuttel, and his fourth, William, continued that of Lunenburg and Zell.-Duke William had by Augusta Dorothea, daughter of Christian the Third of Denmark, seven sons; of whom the five eldest died without heirs. -His sixth son, George, married Anne, daughter of Lewis, landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt; by whom he had four sons, as underneath, and a daughter, Sophia Amelia, married to Frederic the Third of Denmark.

HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK LUNENBURG AND ZELL.

CHRISTIAN LEWIS, duke of Brunswick Lunenburg and Zell and prince of Grubenhagen, was eldest son of duke George and grandson of duke William, who was the founder of the branch of Brunswick Lunenburg and Zell and brother of Henry, the founder of that of Brunswick Wolfembuttel.-Born 1622—was married to a daughter of the duke of Holstein Glucksburg, but had no child.-He died 1665.

George William, duke of Brunswick Lunenburg and Zell, second son of duke George, was born 1624.-His father gave him the principality of Calemberg only, which his uncle received on the extinction of the original line of Wolfembuttel in 1634. But on the death of his elder brother, Christian Lewis, he succeeded to the duchy of Brunswick Zell, &c. and the counties of Hoya and Diepoltz.-In 1675 he commanded an army sent to attack Treves in order to relieve Montecuculi, who was opposed to Turenne and d'Asfeldt near Strasburg; and effected his purpose by a decisive victory over Crequi at Consarbrick, which was followed by the reduction

3 P 2

reduction of that fortress.-He married Eleanor Desmiers, daughter of Alexander, signeur d'Olbeause in Poitou, by whom he had Sophia Dorothea, married first to Augustus Frederic, duke of Brunswick Wolfembuttel, and, after his death, to George Lewis, duke of Brunswick Hanover and king of Great Britain.-He died 1705, aged eighty-one years.

John Frederic, duke of Hanover, third son of George duke of Brunswick, was born 1625. On the death of his eldest brother, Christian Lewis, he had a contest with George William respecting the partition of his dominions; which was adjusted by a convention that gave to John Frederic the principality of Calemberg and Grubenhagen. He married a princess of the Palatine family, by whom he had several daughters. But having no son, his domains, being a male inheritance, at his death in 1679, passed to his brother Ernest Augustus.

Ernest Augustus, youngest son of George duke of Brunswick, was born 1629. He became bishop of Osnaburg 1662; and succeeded his brother John Frederic duke of Hanover in 1679.-This prince took an active part in the war with France 1672, and commanded under his brother in the campaign of 1675.-He supplied the emperor with a body of troops, commanded by his sons, to aid him in his war with the Turks and revolted Hungarians. In return for these services and to secure his friendship in future, Leopold created a ninth electorate in his favour by the title of elector of Hanover.---His brother George William, having no son, and his only daughter being married to the son of Ernest Augustus, settled his whole dominions upon him and his posterity for the support of the electoral dignity.---He married, 1658, Sophia, daughter of Frederic the Fifth elector Palatine and Elizabeth, daughter of James the First of England, by whom he had George Lewis, his successor---Frederic Augustus, major-general in the imperial army, slain 1691---Maximilian, who served as a general in the Venetian army---Charles Philip, who died a prisoner in the hands of the Turks of the wounds he received at the battle of Kazanac, 1690---Christian, drowned in the Danube after the defeat of Munderkien, 1703---Ernest Augustus, bishop of Osnaburg and duke of York---and Sophia, married to Frederic, elector of Brandenburg and king of Prussia.---The elector died 1698, and the electress june eight, 1714.

HOUSE