99 66 1 Prepared by Mr. Solomon Huebner, Graduate Scholar, University of Wisconsin. cases rates apply to distributive shares. 4 Progression ceases with collateral heirs at if estate does not exceed £2500; if in excess, no exemption. 7 Direct heirs pay one-half are not levied concurrently. 10 Rates apply to distributive shares. 11 Progressive property passing by transfer out of the Province. 14 Proceeds devoted to asylums, hos Duty," Temporary Estate Duty," and a "Corporation Duty." Over one fourth of the Dea or unsettled. Settled property is subject to a further Estate Duty of 1%, called "Settlement These duties are inclusive of all other Death Duties. 19 Legacy of any value, and any shar of £20 or upwards, where the whole succession derived from the same predecessor amounts payable where probate or letters of administration were obtained, or where "Account Duty" d collateral inheritance tax paid in addition to the "Estate Duty," with the exception, howeve assessed but of above rates; those above 70 years but; and those above 80 years but }. %-1% for direct heirs. 25 5% if the deceased leaves descendants, and 6% if the de series of ten steps until it becomes 18 higher than the schedule rate. 27 2%-10% on amou the schedule rate. 28 2%-10% on amounts up to 10,000 fr.; rate then increases by for e On Shares of 10,000 Francs (a) First degree of relationship (b) Second degree of relationship (c) Third and fourth degrees of relationship (d) Strangers in blood On Excess over 10,000 Francs 150,000 to 250,000 61 30,000 66 30,001 to 40,000 above rates increase by 40,001 500,000 to 1,000,000 72 to 50,000 above rates increase by 66 50,001 over 1,000,000 66 100,001 above rates increase by above rates increase by f above rates increase by 1 above rates increase by above rates increase by above rates increase by 18 1 Prepared by Mr. Solomon Huebner, Graduate Scholar in the University of Wisconsin. 2 The estate duty is supplemented by legacy and succession duties as shown in Appendix D. CHAPTER VIII THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES An older view than that which prevails at the present time looked upon public expenditures as not merely something unproductive, but as something extraneous to the economic life of the people. We now look upon federal government, state and city, as agencies through which we coöperate for the accomplishment of common purposes. These purposes are either directly industrial in character, or they have industrial consequences. We must, then, in our studies in the evolution of industrial society give brief attention to the growth and character of public expenditures. An examination of the nature of public expenditures is essential to a comprehension of important aspects of the life of industrial society. When we examine even cursorily the history of public expenditures, we are impressed by their enormous growth and their magnitude in present times. Our statistical knowledge is for many purposes inadequate, but in this case the movement has been so strong and so pronounced throughout the civilized world that we can take our illustrative material almost at haphazard. A very few figures |