The philosophy of education at the Republic rests upon certain enduring principles. Let me restate them:

First, that education should be concerned with the total boy or girl;

That it should encourage thought and experimentation, insight and independence rather than the mere accumulation of facts;

That education, especially for troubled youngsters, should help our youth understand that their growth is influenced by their environment and by the significant people in their life;

That education should be individualized to develop the separate identity, the unique potentialities of each young person; and

That the teenager, insofar as possible, should manage his own affairs, earn his own way, direct his own future, and find a place among fellow citizens in the spirit of an adult democratic community.

Any profile of the Republic's work and yearly progress should begin, of course, with these youngsters themselves, and with some true assessment of our benefit to them, not just theoretically but in individual, lifeweighted terms. After fire destroyed two cottages in 1962, our student population was dropped from 155 to 123. Today, I'm glad to say, we have rebuilt one and completed two new and beautiful residential dwellings, which has enabled us to increase the student body to 165 boys and girls, with the prospect of 185 within a month or two. have many of our board members to thank for making this kind of dynamic physical recovery possible. It is significant, I believe, to point out here that in the last 15 years, in keeping with the many demands made upon us, the Republic has increased its expenditures for plant and program development by approximately 3,000 percent.

We

But it is individuals we are concerned with always. Their achievements recede only too fast when one is challenged by the growing needs of an onrushing tomorrow. Let me cite some interesting current figures which plainly indicate just what is happening to some of the boys and girls who are now finishing their residence at the Republic boys and girls, who, incidentally, came to us with complex and crippling problems. In June, we will graduate 28 youngsters, about one-sixth of our student population. Of those who will leave at that time:

Ten boys will go on to finish their education, six of them in college, four in high school.

Three boys will enter military service before going to college.

Eight boys will join the service and go into employment afterward.

Six girls will enroll in junior college. One girl will go into employment immediately.

I think it is enormously gratifying that this graduating class will go down in the record book as further evidence that teenagers, no matter how confused or alienated, can be led to useful outlooks and responsible citizenship. Indeed, our results today with the Republic's children stand out in the long stretch of its history of service. We are proud of the fact that nowhere else in the field of educational therapy has the combination of character building with training for democracy found a more practical or successful expression.

We have been hearing a lot lately about school dropouts. Right now the condition is no doubt one of our society's most serious-and expensive-ills. The Republic's staff, in its many experiences with placement agencies all over the country, has come to recognize that a very large element of the youngsters who are labeled "dropouts" might more fittingly be classified as school "pushouts." For "pushouts" better describe the disturbing number of youngsters in population, who in the turmoil of adole

our

scence, in yearning for self-challenge, experimentation and real responsibility, become underachievers and classroom nonconformists-high in inherent capabilities but low in the motivation to learn from formal classroom experience. They usually have behavioral problems which multiply as they are pushed along through grammar school into high school, until the teachers and people in authority become exhausted by their disruptive influence and their disinterest. A great many of our schools are not in any position to understand or deal with them, so inevitably the climate of learning is preserved for the youngster who wants to learn, and the frustrated slow-learners are somehow induced to leave, expelled, or pushed out. The obvious tragedy is that so many of these so-called school dropouts, these rejects, have their origin in the vested, conventional American educational scheme. That they are competent-often highly intelligent-children who simply are not challenged and excited to learn is most distressing.

The George Junior Republic knows that the well-entrenched rules of American education cannot be overhauled without much more research and the most skillful of planning. The study and diffusion of proven ideas, such as we have, must, of course,, be our continuing effort. Such efforts cost money. We are still stretching limited voluntary funds beyond ever-present capital and operational needs. We hope soon to secure funds for assessing in depth and experimenting with every part of our concept of growth through responsibility. Then we shall be able to spread with documented evidence the tried and proven methods of the Republic to more of the Nation. Our board of directors knows it would be derelict in its mission to society at large if it failed to push forward this aim with increased vigor.

You private citizens who are here today, who also share the conviction that this organization does contribute importantly to young lives and to the Nation, you also have an opportunity to help us make the George Junior Republic even worthier of regard. Beyond its daily activities in education and treatment, the Republic must enlarge its basic resources and assets for the bigger job. Important as these objectives are, they cannot be carried on in a physical plant which does not lend strength to their fulfillment.

We lack only some of the physical facilities to be a model social laboratory, in a field that crucially needs it. In terms of physical plant, we have seen an impressive amount of expansion and improvement within the last few years. Bright new classroom facilities in a magnificent academic building are now enriching the Republic's capabilities. A second school unit, as striking as the first, devoted to a scientific curriculum and incorporating a community library, a center of intellectual exploration, is almost ready. Only a shortage of available capital funds prevents its final completion.

Some of our biggest and most pressing physical needs still confront us. What are these essential needs? With our enrollment growing, our failing dining facilities are simply no longer serviceable. Double shifts are necessary to feed today's population. We must build a new community dining room. Neither can our young citizens make do any longer with the Republic's inadequate gymnasium and outmoded physical education facilities. These two new buildings are most essential right now to the maintenance of our program. In the language of banking, they are a "gilt-edge investment" in the future productivity of our services to youth. To build these two new units, we need over $500,000-an impressive amount yet small when compared with the enduring contribution it can make.

Under the pressures of inflation, with greater demands for service, with unmet cap

ital and operating needs, nearly all privately operated schools-up and down the educational structure from the specialized agency like ours to the great universities-all face some form of economic decision. It is no secret that the scramble for available private contributions is fierce. Still, secondary education is the master key to opening up the possible resolutions of other social problems. The George Junior Republic has always been in the thick of this fundraising competition, and these days we have to row even harder to stay where we are. The world of business and foundation philanthropy gives away money because it has a moral as well as a self-serving responsibility to improve educational institutions at all levels for the benefit of society as a whole. The logical starting point for the George Junior Republic's more intensive fundraising efforts is and must be within the ranks of its board and friends. We can never rest on our oars, for our obligation to the agency we have chosen to serve was never greater nor more obvious. All of us should be unafraid to ask-in fact, proud to ask-people for some of their substance or for some of their interest and energy. I think that we all know that the theory, made popular on Broadway, that you can succeed in business without really trying, is here, off Broadway. really the bunk.

Friends, we here are actually the backbone of the George Junior Republic. We are entrusted with the best hopes and the worst fears of youth. We cannot be involved in a more meaningful work. I sincerely hope that all of you will continue to give this vital organization your abiding interest and loyal support. Help it to continue dealing affirmatively with its mandate to build and grow. Give the George Junior Republic the means of putting before more and more troubled young people and the Nation a true image of what, living and working together, they can make of this free life. Thank you.

REMARKS BY GEORGE ROSS, PRESIDENT OF THE CITIZENS GOVERNMENT, GEORGE JUNIOR REPUBLIC

Mr. Stralem, Dr. Forbes, members of the board of directors and friends of the George Junior Republic; it is a privilege for me to be present here this afternoon representing my fellow citizens. I bring you their best wishes and warmest greetings. Because you are all familiar with the Republic, I don't feel it is necessary to talk to you today about the actual structure of the Junior Republic or the philosophy which it follows. Instead, I would like to speak to you about the effectiveness of the program and the end product which it produces. I feel the best way to do this is by interjecting a personal note and sharing with you how I feel the Republic has prepared me for my later life.

One of the first lessons that I, as a new citizen learned, is that everyone at the Republic is on an equal basis. No matter what his or her background-whether it be a home of wealth or poverty-no matter what the race or creed or whether there has been past behavioral problems, equal opportunities are offered to all. From my very first days at Freeville, I was made to realize that whatever success or failure I might have would be completely dependent on the use I made of the opportunities that were available to me. I cannot say that I immediately put these opportunities to good use. My learning experience was actually a threestage process.

The first stage was the discovering of how to live at, and accept the Republic itself, because I was not too happy with my being there. This actually took longer than you may think. The second stage was the setting up of goals for myself at the Republic in school, in the cottage, in the government, even in the work area. One of the

most important elements in this stage, having established the goals, was learning how to achieve them. This was the first important lesson which I think will be carried

over to my later life. I came to realize that establishing goals was only half as important as learning how to reach them. Prior

to my coming to the Republic I did little or nothing in school. I was completely disinterested. During this second stage of my life at the Republic my interest in the student government stimulated in me a desire to become a lawyer. To reach this goal I knew that an education was indispensable. It was then that I started to apply myself in school.

This was the beginning of the third stagethe formulating of goals for my later life, a law career, which then necessitated college and law school. Since this is my senior year in high school, I have made application for college and have been accepted. Two years ago this would have been the farthest thing from my mind. I was ready to quit high school with no thought of college.

I feel certain that in many other phases of my life at the Republic there has been this steady growth in my relationships with people, in my financial responsibility, work habits, and in many other ways that I won't realize until years after I have left the Republic.

The goal of the Republic is to prepare us to be successful adults. Success however is a difficult word to define. It has different meanings for many people. I feel that my Republic experience has taught me that success will be found in my being happy and content in whatever I do. That wherever I might be or whatever line of employment I might follow, success will come only with real work-and at times self-sacrifice. Happiness and contentment will come from my knowing that I have done my best. This to me will be success. It is for this reason that I feel that I am prepared for this kind of successful life more than the average teenager who has not had the opportuity of Republic training.

To all of you who made this possible for me, I wish to express my personal gratitude. For all the hundreds of other citizens, past and future, I say thank you. And for all who may be helped by us, the graduates of the George Junior Republic, again I say thank you.

Wisconsin Electric Co-op Delegates Speak Out Against Federal Power Commission Power Grab

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. LESTER R. JOHNSON

OF WISCONSIN

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, April 21, 1964

Mr. JOHNSON of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, the biggest registration in the history of Wisconsin Electric Cooperative was recorded at its 28th annual meeting, held March 30, 31, and April 1 in Madison, Wis. Some 550 persons representing rural electric systems in the 13 States served by WEC picked up badges for the 1964 convention of this association of rural electric and rural telephone cooperatives.

During the 3-day meeting, delegates passed a series of resolutions that express their thinking on a number of issues before the Congress and the Nation. The first of those resolutions was in sup

port of passage of the legislation I have introduced to prohibit the Federal Power Commission from attempting to extend jurisdiction over the rural electric cooperatives. As you know from my previous comments on this subject, I am opposed to the current tendency of the FPC to "empire-build" at the expense of our rural electric systems.

Under leave to extend my remarks, I would like to have that resolution and a number of the others passed by the WEC delegates printed in the RECORD: RESOLUTIONS OF WISCONSIN ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, MARCH 30, 31, AND APRIL 1, 1964, 28TH ANNUAL MEETING

FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Whereas the Federal Power Commission is now engaged in a process of hearing and investigation for the purpose of determining whether it properly may exercise its regulatory jurisdiction over electric cooperatives; and

Whereas neither the Federal Power Act nor the Rural Electrification Act grant or imply any such authority for this Commission, and the Congress of the United States on several occasions has been decisive in indicating it never intended this allocation of jurisdiction; and

Whereas this form of regulatory jurisdiction as a protection to the rights of consumers is superfluous and without meaning when applied to any membership organization which is owned and controlled by the members it serves; and

Whereas electric cooperatives already are involved with another Federal agency, the Rural Electrification Administration: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we firmly oppose the assumption of such unwarranted authority over the affairs of electric cooperatives by the Federal Power Commission; and be it further

Resolved, That we respectfully urge the Congress of the United States to repeat its traditional opposition to this Commission's quest for jurisdiction in this field by passing favorably on legislation already introduced in each House, which clearly spells out this prohibition; and be it further

Resolved, That we urge the Congress to act as promptly as it can, within the limits of prudent study and democratic process, in order that the electric cooperatives of this

country may be spared the costly burden of court actions.

continuing hearings, investigations, and

REA LOAN INTEREST RATE

Whereas the organized pressure which has been applied to the Congress in recent years in an effort to bring about an increase in the REA loan interest rate is mounting in intensity; and

Whereas this effort is based on the unsubstantiated claim that the Nation's electric and telephone cooperatives today are financially capable of assuming interest costs substantially higher than those presently attached to REA loans; and

Whereas the economic stability of electric and telephone cooperatives depends on providing a balancing factor to offset the obvious low level of revenues in the sparsely populated areas they serve, and the REA loan interest rate has been established to serve as such a factor; and

Whereas the electric and telephone cooperatives of the Nation, through their national association, are themselves initiating a comprehensive study to determine whether their general financial condition now warrants any substantial change in this interest rate: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Congress of the United States delay any legislative action intended to exert an effect on REA loan terms, in order that the study currently in progress may

develop the facts of the situation and provide a clear perspective of whatever balancing factors may still be required in order to preserve the stability of electric and telephone cooperatives.

ELIMINATING HATE

Whereas in his first address to Congress after assuming the duties of the Presidency, Lyndon B. Johnson declared fervently that there must be an end to the "teaching and preaching of hate" if the ugly violence of assassination is ever to be erased from the American scene; and

Whereas this call for tolerance and genuine respect for the rights of all others has been repeated publicly in all sectors of the Nation by noted statesmen, educators, and religious leaders; and

Whereas it is our opinion that the persistent characterization in widely circulated periodicals, public speeches, and motion picture films of electric and telephone cooperatives as. "socialistic," "taxpayer subsidized," and "threats to private enterprise" are calculated to create a public hatred for these cooperatives: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we appeal to the sense of justice and fair play of all who have recognized the desperate need to abolish hatred, and urge that they renew their call for tolerance and respect and specifically relate it to the fact that electric and telephone cooperatives, too, are entitled to freedom from character assassination.

RURAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT

Whereas President Johnson has revealed that a major goal of his administration will be to erase the "pockets of poverty" which have become chronic blots on the Nation's economy; and

Whereas it has long been the contention and official position of cooperative rural electrification that the most significant and lasting way to stabilize the economy of any area either at home or abroad, is to teach people practical methods of helping themselves; and

Whereas history reveals no more certain means of doing this, and at the same time preserving the dignity of people who are selfsufficient, than through the practice of the cooperative way: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Federal Government encourage every practical use of the cooperative form in its campaign to eliminate poverty; and be it further

Resolved, That new stress be placed on this self-help method in the programs projected by both the Area Redevelopment Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's rural areas development activity; and be it further

Resolved, That the electric and telephone cooperatives of Wisconsin be urged to assume the role of aggressive leadership that will secure for the areas they serve the fullest possible advantages of both of these proven Federal development programs.

REA LOAN ACCOUNT

Whereas establishment of an REA Loan Account would be consistent with capital budgeting and sound business practice; and

Whereas the existence of such an account would help to emphasize to the public that the REA program is one of fully repayable, interest-bearing loans, not grants; and

Whereas the total new loan fund request for 1965 for the electric and telephone loans program is $428 million, a figure that would be reduced to $81 million if the REA Loan Account were to be authorized and the principal and interest payments for fiscal 1964 and 1965 were placed in the account; and

Whereas the Secretary of Agriculture is requesting that the Rural Electrification Act be amended to establish an REA Loan Account in order to properly reflect the Nation of this program and to comply with sound business principles: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we endorse the proposal of the Secretary and respectfully suggest that the Congress of the United States enact the amendment he suggests.

ADMINISTRATOR NORMAN CLAPP

Whereas our fellow cooperators in rural electrification and telephony have adopted resolutions in their local, State, regional, and national meetings expressing their unreserved administration and respect for Norman M. Clapp, Administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration; and

Whereas we of Wisconsin Electric Cooperative are particularly proud as we observe in the Administrator's excellent record the complete justification of the confidence in his abilities and sense of dedication which we expressed at the time of his appointment to this position in 1961; and

Whereas we believe it is proper and appropriate that we express our continued confidence openly and publicly: Now, therefore,

be it

Resolved, That we proclaim our full satiscation with the administration of REA under the direction of Norman M. Clapp, and that we repeat our acknowledgment of his personal contributions to the orderly progress of this program by means of his devotion to the interests of rural America and the unquestioned high plane of integrity he has insisted upon in administering the affairs of this Federal agency.

AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION Whereas the American Farm Bureau Federation and some of its affiliates have shown concern about the organization and operation of electric cooperatives; and

Whereas we feel deeply the fundamental need for understanding and reasonable unity of purpose between the various organizations created to serve the interests of America's rural population; and

Whereas we are committed to preserve, as economically and efficiently as the low-revenue nature of our operation permits, the organizations which supply electricity without profit to the members who own and control them, among which are many Farm Bureau members: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we invite American Farm Bureau Federation officers, members and all others who may be interested or concerned to learn the full story of our electric and telephone cooperatives and their successful efforts to provide modern electric and telephone service without profit to our rural

areas.

COMMEND PRESIDENT JOHNSON

Whereas we are keenly aware of the excellent record in support of this program established by President Lyndon B. Johnson during his service in both Houses of Congress; and

Whereas we value fully the expressions of continued support which he has offered publicly since taking office as the Nation's Chief Executive: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we demonstrate in this way our sincere appreciation for the leadership so often exerted in our behalf in the past by President Johnson, and solicit his continued enlistment in the ranks of those who do not hesitate to endorse the record of selfless service fashioned by those involved in this national program of cooperative rural electrification and telephony.

GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION LOANS Whereas it is essential to the economic security of electric cooperatives, and to their continuing efforts to reduce their costs in order to provide more economical electricity to their member consumers, that they remain fortified with the right to generate their own supplies of electricity when other sources cannot or will not provide adequate amounts at reasonable terms; and

Whereas this right is without meaning unless it is implemented with the necessary REA loan funds that will make it possible

WOMEN

Whereas the inadequacy of such loan funds, or the unwarranted delay in processing and approving applications for their use, will serve to place electric cooperatives under the economic domination of the profit power companies, which in many areas are the only alternate source of supply; and

Whereas these companies, individually and through their associations, repeatedly have demonstrated their intention to eliminate the cooperative method of electricity distribution whenever and wherever they can: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Congress be urged to approve within the total of the REA appropriations adequate loan funds for the construction of generation and transmission facilities when these are needed by REA borrowers to insure a low-cost supply of energy; and be it further

Resolved, That the Congress be urged to reject new attempts to seriously hamper this program by restricting the authority of the REA Administrator to approve such loans, prudently but without time-consuming procedures that serve no important purpose other than to subject applicants to costly delay; and be it further

Resolved, That the Congress move positively in this same direction by eliminating

the cumbersome limitations on the Admin

istrator's authority in this respect which were imposed by the language of reports originating in committees of both the House and the Senate.

ENCOURAGEMENT TO YOUTH

Whereas this program of cooperative rural electrification has been in existence in this State for more than a quarter of a century, and many of those who helped so energetically to establish it and maintain it are no longer physically able to spend themselves indefinitely in order to preserve it; and

Whereas a new generation is moving into the active ownership and control of electric cooperatives and still another generation within a very few years will have the most numerous representation within our membership: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we devote our interested attention and concern to the matter of encouraging a lasting dedication to the principles of cooperation among these potential future owners of our systems, and an awareness of the importance of the Rural Electrification Administration in making possible our home-owned electric service; and be it further

Resolved, That we encourage progress in this direction by providing special programs for youth during all annual WEC meetings and during the annual meetings of our local electric cooperatives.

REA APPROPRIATIONS

Whereas the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association and the National Telephone Cooperative Association have demonstrated repeatedly in the past that their painstaking surveys of loan fund requirements of their members are impressively accurate: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Congress is urged to appropriate REA loan funds in accordance with the amounts these studies show to be necessary for fiscal year 1965, and REA administrative funds as requested in the President's budget; and, be it further

Resolved, That in appropriating these funds the Congress and its committees refrain from the imposition of burdensome restrictions which may well limit the REA Administrator in the performance of his duties to the extent that such funds can not be utilized with full effect in the rural electrification program.

Whereas we recognize a need for concerned and informed citizenship to protect our rural electric systems; and

Whereas the women have expressed a desire to accept their share of the responsibility by more active participation in support of our rural electric system; Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we express our appreciation to the Wisconsin Electric cooperative for their recognition on this year's program of the potential role of women in support of our program; and, be it further

Resolved, That we commend NRECA for the appointment of a coordinator of women's activities and recommend cooperation with her efforts on all levels; and, be it further

Resolved, That we urge rural electric systems to encourage participation of women in the work of education of members and community in the philosophy and principles of electric cooperatives and in public affairs which supports our program.

WHOLESALE FOR RETAIL RATES Whereas the establishment of separate rate classifications applicable to the sale of energy at wholesale for resale to rural electric cooperatives has been firmly established by a long standing custom and precedent based upon sound cost of service accounting principles, as well as by sound social and

economic considerations and has been ex

pressly approved by many State regulatory

commissions and courts; and

rate classifications for sale of energy at Whereas the preservation of such separate wholesale for resale to rural electric cooperatives is essential to the sound development of rural electrification and is productive of benefits directly and indirectly not only to the ultimate patrons of such rural electric cooperatives but to the whole economy influenced by a healthy development of rural electrification; and

Whereas the Wisconsin Public Service Commission in its decision of January 10, 1964, in Docket 2-U-5624, held that the separate rate classification for wholesale for resale rates applied by Wisconsin Power & Light Co., to rural electric cooperatives, though lower than the wholesale rates applied by said company to its other wholesale for resale customer, is not discriminatory or unlawful, because justified by differences in cost of service to the two types of wholesale customers involved; and

Whereas the Federal Power Commission staff in recent proceedings has called into question the application of separate and lower wholesale for resale rate classifications to rural electric cooperatives than are applied to other wholesale for resale customers threatening thereby a very serious economic blow to rural electric cooperatives and the future healthy development of their program and the reduction in cost of energy to ultimate rural electric patrons; and

Whereas a recent initial decision by a Federal Power Commission examiner in a case involving the wholesale supplier of Oconto Electric Cooperative, in which case said cooperative was not a party, holds that higher wholesale rates applied by said supplier to other wholesale customers are discriminatory and unlawful because not applied to Oconto Electric Cooperative and two other rural electric cooperatives in Michigan and in effect tells said supplier that such higher rates if applied to Oconto and said two other rural electric cooperatives would be lawful and reasonable at an increased cost to Oconto Electric Cooperative of nearly 23 percent and in excess of $43,000 per year: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That all members of Wisconsin Electric Cooperative join in their support of Oconto Electric Cooperative and other rural electric cooperatives in fighting this threat

of the Federal Power Commission and to establish firmly before the Federal Power Commission the recognition given by the Wisconsin Public Service Commission and by many other State commissions and courts that separate and lower wholesale for resale rate classifications to rural electric cooperatives are justified by sound cost of service principles as well as by sound economic and social considerations essential to the future welfare of rural electrification.

The Sino-Russian Conflict

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE

OF MASSACHUSETTS

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, April 21, 1964

Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, the increasing exacerbation of the dispute between the Chinese and Soviet Communist Parties has prompted many people to take the euphoric view that the split will aid U.S. interests in the long run. Others have urged us not to take the rift seriously and treated the disputed as a Communist ploy to put us off guard.

A realistic approach to the problem appeared in a fine editorial in the Lawrence, Mass., Eagle-Tribune on April 16. The editorial points out that the dispute has deep historical roots and wisely cautions us to remain alert for possible shifts in policy. Under unanimous consent I insert the editorial in the RECORD: THE SINO-RUSSIAN CONFLICT Americans watch the controversy between Russia and Red China with doubt and hope. The hope is that the controversy will cause a split between the Communist giants that will weaken the Communist cause throughout the world. The doubt is about the reality of the controversy.

Do the Russians and Chinese really mean the nasty things they say about each other or is the display of bad feeling a carefully staged act to lull the West into the belief that communism is so deeply divided that Communist union for attack on the West is impossible?

The answer probably is that the Russians and Chinese do mean what they say. Thus the display is not an act. The probability that it is sincere, however, does not mean that the West can rely for security against communism on deep and lasting ideological division between Russia and China.

Indeed, the ideological difference probably is only incidental to the basic difference. The historic fact is that Russia and China are natural enemies.

Russia, although geographically huge, is traditionally expansionist primarily because it instinctively seeks ocean ports. As long

DOCUMENTS

Stalin did not support Mao's Communist war on Chiang Kai-shek, did not recognize his regime until the day after the new govment was proclaimed. Then, because he was dealing with fellow Communists, he had to give up Russian penetration of Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, and Sinkiang. Under a mutual assistance treaty with Red China, MosCOW was careful not to help build great strength for Peiping.

Great strength for Red China would mean Chinese effort to regain territories lost to Russia by treaties imposed on the weak Manchu Emperors-territories extending from Vladivostok northward along the Pacific for about a thousand miles and almost as far inland as the Amur River, incorporating Russia's Far East industrial centers of Komsomolsk and Khabarovsk.

In this national rivalry for territory the ideological conflict appears as both a cover of the real controversy and as a means of strengthening the parties to it. Both Russia and China are evangelists for their different interpretations of Communist philosophy. Each is trying to win Communist states to its side to gain the power and prestige that accompanies leadership. Each actually is trying to strengthen itself for direct conflict be

tween them.

Victory for China in this seemingly ideological conflict could push Russia into alliance with the West. But a chance to deal the West a destructive blow could temporarily unite Russia and China with the bonds of common Communist purpose. This is a possibility the West must be continually alert to. A power struggle between philosophical kin, like a family spat, can always be put off while the quarrelers dispose of a nuisance both recognize.

RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL An office for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, with Mr. Raymond F. Noyes in charge, is located in room H-112, House wing, where orders will be received for subscriptions to the RECORD at $1.50 per month or for single copies at 1 cent for eight pages (minimum charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Members of Congress to purchase reprints from the RECORD should be processed through this office.

CHANGE OF RESIDENCE

Senators, Representatives, and Delegates who have changed their residences will please give information thereof to the Government Printing Office, that their addresses may be correctly given in the RECORD.

Either House may order the printing of a document not already provided for by law, but only when the same shall be accompanied by an estimate from the Public Printer as to the probable cost thereof. Any executive department, bureau, board or independent office of the Government submitting reports or documents in response to inquiries from Congress shall submit therewith an estimate of the probable cost of printing the usual number. Nothing in this section relating to estimates shall apply to reports or documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).

Resolutions for printing extra copies, when presented to either House, shall be referred immediately to the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, who, in making their report, shall give the probable cost of the proposed printing upon the estimate of the Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be printed before such committee has reported (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

Additional copies of Government publications are offered for sale to the public by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., at cost thereof as determined by the Public Printer plus 50 percent: Provided, That a discount of not to exceed 25 percent may be allowed to authorized bookdealers and quantity purchasers, but such printing shall not interfere with the prompt execution of work for the Government. The Superintendent of Documents shall prescribe the terms and conditions under which he may authorize the resale of Government publications by bookdealers, and he may designate any Government officer his agent for the sale of Government publications under such regulations as shall be agreed upon by the Superintendent of Documents and the head of the re

spective department or establishment of the Government (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 72a, Supp. 2).

PRINTING OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD EXTRACTS

It shall be lawful for the Public Printer to print and deliver upon the order of any Senator, Representative, or Delegate, extracts from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the person ordering the same paying the cost thereof (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 185, p. 1942).

CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

The Public Printer, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, may print for sale, at a price sufficient to reimburse the expenses of such printing, the current Congressional Directory. No sale shall be made on credit (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 150, p. 1939).

Pearson, James B., Kans___

Pell, Claiborne, R.I-3425 Prospect St.
Prouty, Winston L., Vt.
Proxmire, William, Wis....

Randolph, Jennings, W. Va_4608 Reservoir Rd.
Ribicoff, Abraham A., Conn
Robertson, A. Willis, Va___
Russell, Richard B., Ga____
Saltonstall, Leverett, Mass-2320 Tracy Pl.
Scott, Hugh, Pa............

Simpson, Milward L., Wyo.
Smathers, George A., Fla.......
Smith, Margaret Chase

(Mrs.), Maine.

Sparkman, John, Ala__--_-4928 Indian Lane
Stennis, John, Miss_

Symington, Stuart, Mo---.
Talmadge, Herman E., Ga__
Thurmond, Strom, S.C_

Tower, John G., Tex..

Walters, Herbert S., Tenn__
Williams, Harrison A., Jr.,

N.J.

Williams, John J., Del_____
Yarborough, Ralph, Tex___
Young, Milton R., N. Dak__Quebec House So.
Young, Stephen M., Ohio__

OFFICERS OF THE SENATE
Secretary-Felton M. Johnston.
Sergeant at Arms-Joseph C. Duke.
Chief Clerk-Emery L. Frazier.
Secretary for the Majority-Francis R. Valeo.
Secretary for the Minority-J. Mark Trice.
Chaplain-Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D.D.

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences

Messrs. Anderson (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Symington, Stennis, Young of Ohio, Dodd, Cannon, Holland, Edmondson, Mrs. Smith, Messrs. Case, Hickenlooper, Curtis, and Keating.

Committee on Agriculture and Forestry Messrs. Ellender (chairman), Johnston, Holland, Eastland, Talmadge, Jordan of North Carolina, McCarthy, Mrs. Neuberger, Messrs. McGovern, Edmondson, Walters, Aiken, Young of North Dakota, Hickenlooper, Cooper, Boggs, and Mechem.

Committee on Appropriations

Messrs. Hayden (chairman), Russell, Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Pastore, Monroney, Bible, Byrd of West Virginia, McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Saltonstall, Young of North Dakota, Mundt, Mrs. Smith, Messrs. Kuchel, Hruska, Allott, Cotton, and Case.

Committee on Armed Services

Messrs. Russell (chairman), Stennis, Byrd of Virginia, Symington, Jackson, Ervin, Thurmond, Engle, Cannon, Byrd of West Virginia, Young of Ohio, Inouye, Saltonstall, Mrs. Smith, Messrs. Beall, Goldwater, and Case.

Committee on Banking and Currency Messrs. Robertson (chairman), Sparkman, Douglas, Clark, Proxmire, Williams of New Jersey, Muskie, Long of Missouri, Mrs. Neuberger, Messrs. McIntyre, Bennett, Tower, Javits, Simpson, and Dominick.

Committee on Commerce

Messrs. Magnuson (chairman). Pastore, Monroney, Thurmond, Lausche, Yarborough, Engle, Bartlett, Hartke, McGee, Hart, Cannon, Cotton, Morton, Scott, Prouty, and Beall.

Committee on the District of Columbia Messrs. Bible (chairman), Morse, Hartke, McIntyre, Beall, Prouty, and Dominick. Committee on Finance

Messrs. Byrd of Virginia (chairman), Long of Louisiana, Smathers, Anderson, Douglas, Gore, Talmadge, McCarthy, Hartke, Fulbright, Ribicoff, Williams of Delaware, Carlson, Bennett, Curtis, Morton, and Dirksen.

Committee on Foreign Relations Messrs. Fulbright (chairman), Sparkman, Humphrey, Mansfield, Morse, Long of Louisiana, Gore, Lausche, Church, Symington, Dodd, Smathers, Hickenlooper, Aiken, Carlson, Williams of Delaware, and Mundt.

Committee on Government Operations Messrs. McClellan (chairman), Jackson, Ervin, Humphrey, Gruening, Muskie, Pell, McIntyre, Ribicoff, Brewster, Mundt, Curtis, Javits, Miller, and Pearson.

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs

Messrs. Jackson (chairman), Anderson, Bible, Church, Gruening, Moss, Burdick, Hayden, McGovern, Nelson, Walters, Kuchel, Allott, Jordan of Idaho, Simpson, Mechem, and Dominick.

Committee on the Judiciary

Messrs. Eastland (chairman), Johnston. McClellan, Ervin, Dodd, Hart, Long of Missouri, Kennedy, Bayh, Burdick, Dirksen, Hruska, Keating, Fong, and Scott.

Committee on Labor and Public Welfare

Messr Hill (chairman), McNamara, Morse. Yarborough, Clark, Randolph, Williams of New Jersey, Pell, Kennedy, Metcalf, Goldwater, Javits, Prouty, Tower, and Jordan of Idaho.

Committee on Post Office and Civil Service Messrs. Johnston (chairman), Monroney, Yarborough, Randolph, McGee, Brewster, Carlson, Fong, and Boggs.

Committee on Public Works

Messrs. McNamara (chairman), Randolph, Young of Ohio, Muskie, Gruening. Moss, Metcalf, Jordan of North Carolina, Brewster, Inouye, Bayh, Nelson, Cooper, Fong, Boggs, Miller, and Pearson.

Committee on Rules and Administration Messrs. Jordan of North Carolina (chairman), Hayden, Cannon, Pell, Clark, Byrd of West Virginia, Curtis, Cooper, and Scott.

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT Mr. Chief Justice Warren, of California, Hotel Sheraton-Park, Washington, D.C.

Mr. Justice Black, of Alabama, 619 S. Lee St., Alexandria, Va.

Mr. Justice Douglas, of Washington, 4852 Hutchins Pl.

Mr. Justice Clark, of Texas, 2101 Connecticut Ave.

Mr. Justice Harlan, of New York, 1677 31st St. Mr. Justice Brennan, of New Jersey, 3037 Dumbarton Ave.

Mr. Justice Stewart, of Ohio, 5136 Palisade Lane.

Mr. Justice White, of Colorado, 2209 Hampshire Rd., McLean, Va.

Mr. Justice Goldberg, of Illinois, 2811 Albemarle St.

OFFICERS OF THE SUPREME COURT
Clerk-John F. Davis, 4704 River Rd.
Deputy Clerk-Edmund P. Cullinan, 4823
Reservoir Rd.

Reporter-Walter Wyatt, 1702 Kalmia Rd.
Marshal-T. Perry Lippitt, 6004 Corbin Rd.
Librarian-Helen Newman, 126 3d St. SE.

UNITED STATES JUDICIAL CIRCUITS JUSTICES ASSIGNED TERRITORY EMBRACED District of Columbia judicial circuit: Mr. Chief Justice Warren. District of Columbia. First judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Goldberg. Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island.

Second judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Harian. Connecticut, New York, Vermont.

Third judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Brennan. Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands.

Fourth judicial circuit: Mr. Chief Justice Warren. Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia.

Fifth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Black. Alabama, Canal Zone, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas. Sixth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Stewart. Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee.

Seventh judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Clark. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin.

Eighth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice White. Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota.

Ninth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Douglas. Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii. Tenth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice White. Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming.