Obviously, part of the difference between the two may be glandular. But it goes beyond that. The liberal establishment believes unshakably two things about Cuba: first, that the Castro revolution, however badly it turned out, was justified by the miserable economic conditions of that country; and second, that Castro has such widespread support from the "masses" that even if we helped eliminate him, we should then face guerrilla warfare by his followers for perhaps a decade.

GOLDWATER Republicans Where is the truth?

deny both.

Now obviously, the former economic condition of Cuba is a matter of fact, not of theory. And it just happens that Cuban refugees in Madrid have put out a little booklet: "Revolution in Cuba-the Objective Truth of the Cuban Case," which Cuban experts tell me is exact. And it shows that far from being exceptionally exploited, the Cubans, including the much pitied agricultural workers, had the third highest living standard in Latin America. Batista was a political tyrant, not an economic oppressor. Whether today's Cubans would welcome liberation from Castro or rally to his defense must remain somewhat a matter of opinion. All we can lay a finger on is the amount of opposition to the Castro regime over the last 3 years and the difficulty Castro has had in dealing with it. And here again the facts are eloquent.

The weight of evidence is on the side of Senator GOLDWATER. As of today most Cubans would apparently welcome liberation by fellow countrymen backed by the United States. If Senator FULBRIGHT still denies this, the burden of proof is on him.

Nation Mourns Death of Melvin J. Maas-Soldier-Statesman Headed President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped for a Decade

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH

OF WEST VIRGINIA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, April 16, 1964

Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, we are saddened at the passing of Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas, a respected public servant and the cherished friend of many who today serve in this body. As a soldier, statesman, and crusader for the handicapped, he won the admiration and esteem of those who seek justice and progress under the democratic system.

It was my privilege to work closely with Mel Maas when we served together in the House of Representatives. More recently, we were associated in the worthwhile efforts of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, a group which he headed for 10 years prior to his death. Under his able leadership the Committee intensified its educational and promotional efforts in behalf of the physically handicapped, and expanded its functions to include the mentally restored and mentally retarded.

General Maas also established an outstanding record of military service during three wars, and served with Adm.

William Halsey and Gen. Douglas MacArthur in World War II. It was during the fighting on Okinawa that an enemy bomb damaged his optic nerve.

Returning to civilian life after the close of the war General Maas assumed responsibilities with several large business concerns until the outbreak of the Korean conflict. He was recalled to active duty, and served briefly as a member of the Reserve Forces policy board. Since 1949, he has been active in efforts to build a better way of life for handicapped citizens.

It is appropriate that we remember the achievements and sacrifices of Melvin J. Maas as he served his country and his fellow man in war and peace. We pray God's blessing on this worthy American, and on his loving family in this hour of grief. Thousands of citizens are comforted in the knowledge that Melvin J. Maas brought lasting benefit to the world in which we live.

Washington Post article of April 14, 1964, Mr. President, I request that the on the death of Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas be printed in the RECORD at this point. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

GENERAL MAAS, THREE-WAR VETERAN

(By Kenneth M. Boyd)

Retired Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas, USMC, veteran of three wars, former U.S. Congressman from Minnesota and Chairman of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, died yesterday at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

The death of the 65-year-old general was attributed to a combination of heart disease, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. It was the

10th anniversary of his appointment to the

Committee chairmanship.

General Maas, blinded since 1951 from injuries suffered during World War II, traveled hundreds of thousands of miles since his appointment to the Committee chairmanship in an effort to obtain equal opportunity for the handicapped.

He curtailed his extensive traveling a year ago, however, because of ailing health, but continued to direct his affairs by tape recorder from his home, 4714 Essex Street, Chevy Chase.

JOINED MARINES IN 1917

A graduate of the College of St. Thomas, in St. Paul, Minn., General Maas interrupted his education to enter the Marine Corps in April 1917, to serve as a private with Marine Aviation in the Azores throughout the war. He accepted a Marine Reserve commission in 1926 before his election to Congress that year at the age of 27.

In 1933, General Maas received the Carnegie Silver Medal for heroism for persuading a mentally deranged spectator in the House galleries to yield a pistol he was waving menacingly at Congressmen.

A Republican and an opponent of most New Deal domestic policies, General Maas served in Congress until 1945 with the exception of 2 years when he went into private business.

He was joint author of legislation setting up a promotion system for the Navy and sponsoring author of the Naval Reserve Act of 1938 which, until passage of the Armed Forces Reserve Act, governed the Naval and Marine Corps Reserves.

SERVED WITH HALSEY

The general returned to active duty in the summer of 1941 to serve at sea and on the

staff of Adm. William Halsey and in 1942 with Adm. Frank J. Fletcher in the Solomons campaign.

He then served as a Marine observer in Australia and New Guinea with the late Gen.

Douglas MacArthur, and in 1945 assumed

command of the Awase Airbase on Okinawa, where an enemy bomb explosion injured his optic nerve.

General Maas returned to civilian life to become assistant to the chairman of the board of the Sperry Corp. He later became a director of the U.S. Life Insurance Co., and of Mutual of Omaha.

With the exception of a brief return to active duty in the Korean war, when he served as a member of the Reserve Forces Policy Board in the Pentagon, General Maas has been with the President's Committee on

Employment of the Handicapped since its

formation in 1949.

He leaves his wife, Katherine; a son, Melvin; three daughters, Patricia, a Marine major; Mrs. Anthony C. Martino, of Richmond, and Mrs. Leo Catteron, of Annapolis.

Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, in submitting for the RECORD this article of the career of the late Melvin J. Maas, from the Washington Post, explanatory I wish to state that not only was he a major general of the Armed Forces during an illustrious career, but he also was one of my cherished friends, with whom I had the privilege of serving-together with other Senators present today on the floor of the Senate-in the U.S. House of Representatives.

He was stricken blind rather late in life. His energies were used in the public good. He became chairman of the President's Committee on Employment for the Handicapped.

Now he is gone. I have written, through dictation-for I cannot actually read what I have dictated-a letter to his widow. I ask unanimous consent that this communication be printed in the RECORD, together with my remarks, in tribute to this great American, who gave so much of himself, his talents, and his compassion to mankind.

There being no objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

U.S. SENATE,
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING,
April 14, 1964.

Mrs. MELVIN J. MAAS,
Chevy Chase, Md.

DEAR MRS. MAAS: Permit me to extend deepest sympathy on the passing of your beloved husband my cherished friend, Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas. The Randolphs share your sense of loss in this difficult time.

It was my privilege to serve with Mel when we were Members of the House of Representatives, and I have worked closely with him in his post as chairman of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped. He proved himself a responsible and purposeful leader and one who was ever motivated by the desire to serve his fellow man. As a courageous military commander and as a statesman of vision and integrity, Melvin J. Maas exemplified the strength of character and devotion to duty which are the integral components of American citizenship.

We are confident that you and your children will be comforted in the knowledge that the world is a finer place because of the wisdom and sacrifice of this gifted man. With warmest personal wishes, I am,

Very truly,

JENNINGS RANDOLPH.

CAB Stirs Airline War

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. ABNER W. SIBAL

OF CONNECTICUT

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, April 16, 1964

Mr. SIBAL. Mr. Speaker, I am submitting two articles for the RECORD which I hope will help Members to understand proposals by the Civil Aeronautics Board to shift business to nonscheduled airlines at the expense of regularly scheduled carriers.

The first is by Leslie Gould of the New York Journal-American, the second by Jack Steele of Scripps-Howard newspapers.

I think most Members will agree that there is a situation here which requires a basic policy decision from the Congress and which ought not to be handled solo by a Federal agency.

The articles follow:

COMPLETION CURBED: CAB STIRS AIRLINE WAR

(By Jack Steele)

The Civil Aeronautics Board has unleashed a bitter war among U.S. airlines by a series of moves curbing competition.

Most of the Board's actions are designed to shift more passenger and cargo business to supplemental (nonscheduled) and allcargo airlines at the expense of the regularly scheduled carriers.

This means the CAB has taken on the industry giants in a battle which may continue for years and end up in Congress or the courts.

HOWLS

Some CAB decisions and proposed rules also may bring howls from passengers and shippers, some of whom will be restricted in their choice of airlines for charter flights or for the fastest cargo service.

Under one proposed rule, for example, anybody arranging a charter flight could engage a regular airline only if a smaller nonsked refused to handle it.

The CAB's moves raise fundamental questions of how far a regulatory agency can or should go in limiting competition-which the Government, under the antitrust laws, is supposed to promote.

The Board's actions have been taken without any direct authority from Congress.

Some congressional makers of aviation policy, among them Senator A. S. MIKE MONRONEY, Democrat, of Oklahoma, have in the past pushed legislation to boost the all-cargo and nonsked lines but failed to get it enacted. Now the CAB apparently is achieving this by executive action.

SPLIT

Most CAB decisions have been by 3-to-2 votes, with two Republican members, former Senator Chan Gurney and Whitney Gilliland, dissenting.

Some of the embattled airlines recently have taken newspaper ads and briefed reporters to press their views.

The CAB decisions and policy rulings have these objectives:

To shift more cargo business from scheduled airlines, which carry passengers and freight on the same flights and so are known as combination carriers, to four small allcargo lines. They are Slick, Flying Tigers, Riddle, and Seaboard World Airways. Seaboard flies only overseas.

To shift most charter flights from the scheduled lines to smaller nonskeds which were limited to charter service by Congress

The Board gave two supplemental airlines, Capitol and Saturn, the right to fly charter groups to Europe in the peak summer-tourist season. A third nonsked was included but went bankrupt before the order was issued.

This decision also lifted many restrictions on charter flights. It will permit more than one group to use the same flight and let travel agents assist in forming charter groups, thus cutting into Pan American and TWA business.

The Board, in another new proposal, would limit regular and all-cargo airlines to devoting only 2 percent of total passenger miles to charter flights, instead of the present 10 percent.

[From the New York (N.Y.) Journal-American, Mar. 29, 1964]

CAB CHARTER PLAN PUNISHES CERTIFIED LINES (By Leslie Gould)

The CAB (Civil Aeronautics Board) is going all out in its efforts to bail out the supplemental and all-cargo airlines at the expense of the certificated carriers.

The most scandalous proposal is to give the supplemental and all-cargo lines first refusal on off-route freight and passenger charters of the certified combination (passenger and cargo) carriers.

At the same time, the supplemental and the all-cargo lines would be allowed to fly charters on the routes of the certificated carriers without any such clearance.

This is nothing more than a handout, which, instead of coming from Government, will come from the pocketbooks of the shareowners in the major certificated carrierslike Pan American, TWA, Northwest, United, American, Eastern, and so on.

When the CAB opened the doors to the supplemental and all-cargo lines, it adopted a policy of barring them from subsidy. Now, the CAB having erred originally, is attempting a backdoor subsidy for these carriers, few of which are making money.

The charter raid is in addition to the CAB's efforts to swing to the all-cargo lines a larger percentage of the transatlantic military mail. This also would be at the expense of the two transatlantic certificated carriers-Pan American and TWA. A preceding column exposed this.

CAB PROPOSES 8-PERCENT CUT Under present rules the combination carriers off-route charters are limited to 10 percent of their base on-route revenue plane miles. The CAB now proposes to reduce this to 2 percent, with a further limitation that only a third of the 2 percent can be flown in any 3 consecutive months.

While off-route charters have only been running a little better than 2 percent for a 12-month period, the CAB waves aside the fact that this volume rises and falls according to the season. So, under the proposed plan, the combination carriers would be greatly restricted in the period of peak business such as the summer months on the Atlantic runs.

The big change, which would all but bar the combination carriers from off-route charters, is the proposal to grant first refusal rights to the all-cargo and supplemental carriers. However, the supplemental and allcargo lines would not be required to grant first refusal to the combination lines for

charters on their routes.

TWO SETS OF RULES

In other words, the door would be open to virtually unrestricted competition on the combination carriers' own routes, but the combination lines would be restricted on their off-route charters, in that they would have to give first refusal to the supplemental and all-cargo companies.

This tosses into the ashcan the original premise whereby these other carriers were set up. They were created to supplement— not to supplant-the services of the older and established combination carriers.

United Air Lines, in its brief filed with the CAB, states:

"The purpose of both of the proposed regulations is to try to transfer traffic of the combination carries to the supplemental and all-cargo.

"The proposed new volume limitation on off-route charter mileage, together with the proposed first refusal rights, are designed to channel the combination carriers' off route passenger charter business to the supplementals and their off-route cargo charter traffic to the all-cargo carriers.

"PROPOSALS CALLED ILLEGAL

"Similarly, the proposed policy statement is designed to divert substantial volumes of the combination carriers' cargo traffic carried on scheduled flights to the socalled all-cargo carriers."

TWA which holds the Board's proposals are illegal, makes this point:

"When Congress enacted the off-route charter provisions of the act, it made the conduct of such operations subject to Board regulation for one basic reason-a congressional desire to protect regular route services from being undermined by off-route operations."

Pan American also, in branding the proposals as illegal, shows how ridiculous and unfair they are, saying:

"An entirely new provision of the regulations would require a carrier such as Pan American to obtain the consent of any supplemental carrier who had filed a notice with it before performing any off-route passenger charter, or to obtain specific authority from the Board."

It is time Congress took another look at the CAB, and at the same time check other creatures of its legislation as to usurping of powers never intended by the lawmakers.

Anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. HENRY M. JACKSON

OF WASHINGTON

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Thursday, April 16, 1964

Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, for some time there has been increasing evidence of growing anti-Semitism within the Soviet Union. All over the world, freemen concerned about this ominous campaign have spoken out against the measures which deny Soviet Jews their religious and cultural rights, and allow political, social, and economic measures against Jews.

In connection with this protest, the Seattle Council of Rabbis has been active in arousing the conscience of the public. The Governor of our State proclaimed a Sabbath of protest, which was widely observed last month. As a continuing part of this effort, I ask unanimous consent that the proclamation of the Governor

vertising wave, and newspapers, of course, have grown in size, power, and independence.

When Sears first opened its doors, several persons feared that through its efficient methods of buying, promotion, service and selling, it would have such an impact as to drive other stores out of business. Impact it had, but other retailers after casting a careful eye on what Sears was doing, began to follow its techniques. They began to

grow and develop beyond what they might

have attained had they not had a new competitor. Some have said that Sears has acted as a standard against which other retailers could measure themselves. Today, each new large store set up by competing organizations tends to employ many variations of principles brought to Brazil by Sears. One of these methods is the open counter display. When Sears began to display its merchandise in open counters instead of closed glass showcases, many persons made dire predictions of mass shoplifting. But Sears' experience in the United States had shown them that merchandise in open displays sold better than in closed cases. Shoplifting, as it turned out, was no more prevalent in Brazil than in stores in the United States.

Other stores then began to follow the opencounter trend, and the furniture manufacturer who had made the displays for Sears soon found he had orders rolling in from other stores as well. Other Sears' innovations

such as air conditioning, fast cash-register service, and piped-in music were also copied in varying degrees.

Some of Sears' methods adopted elsewhere were a direct result of competitive stores'

hiring of Sears-trained personnel. One of these was the unit-control system of counting and ordering merchandise. These stores followed up on these methods by creating their own training programs based on those of Sears and other U.S. retailers.

Customer service was another innovation in which Sears led the field. The store's insistence on a "We Service What We Sell" policy set a new standard in the maintenance of spare parts and a corps of trained repairmen for household appliances and other mechanical merchandise.

The "one-stop shopping" concept was another idea that Sears successfully formed in the minds of the public. Even though there were stores in existence with relatively wide assortments of merchandise, it still was somewhat of an initial shock to Latin Americans that the same store would sell diapers and lathes, white shirts and tires, and hot dogs and refrigerators all under the same roof.

A less-accentuated trend, but one bound to increase, was begun by Sears when they began locating their stores away from city centers. With the increase in cars and traffic in Brazil, the difficulty of downtown shop

ping is becoming more acute and suburban shopping is consequently not only more convenient, but almost necessary.

Sears' policy of promoting personnel from within has also been reflected in other firms. The store's promotion policy has seen the quickly increasing replacement of North American employees with Brazilian nationals. Seven of Sears' nine stores are managed by men born in this country. (And the other two have an important stake in Brazil by marriage.) of 66 North American employees who opened the Sears stores in Brazil, only

8 remain.

Sears took another pioneering step in Brazil when it systematically organized its contributions to worthy causes.

A fixed percentage of its sales was established as the pattern within which donations would be made. Most of this help has been given to education, some of these through a series of 5-year plans of student scholarships and aid to university libraries. Institutions which have benefited from this Sears' program in

clude the University of Brazil, the Catholic University of São Paulo, the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, the University of São Paulo, and Mackenzie University.

HELP FOR CHARITIES

Sears' efforts in corporate citizenship have not been limited to education, however. Active help has been given to such organizations as Rio's Museum of Modern Art, the Association of Help to Crippled Children in

São Paulo, the Young Men's Christian As

sociation, and many local charities, in more than 250 donations a year.

Community relations projects in general rank high up on Sears' program list. Last December, there was the promotion of an employee contest for a "Sears' Citizen of the Diamond Jubilee Year," a companywide effort to recognize employees who had done the most for their communities. An annual project is the "Festival of National Progress"-a twofold program which ties in a show of the latest Brazilian merchandise development with a sales promotion.

Internal public relations programs directed to employees are many. There are such divergent elements as the publication of an employee house organ called Noti-Sears, a subsidized group life-insurance program, morale surveys, illness allowances, aid to employee clubs and sports teams, sending selected personnel for U.S. training, such drives as blood donation and fire prevention, "know your country" and "know democracy" programs, religious projects such as a Paschal Mass in all units, and efforts promoting inter-American understanding.

Said Kelleher in a recent interview: "It is not easy to summarize the divergent results of thousands of dedicated men and women over a span of more than a dozen years.

"All we can say is that we hope we sincerely believe that we have played a part in the development of this great country."

Dr. Leonard F. Herzog II Wins Free Enterprise Award

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. HUGH SCOTT

OF PENNSYLVANIA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Thursday, April 16, 1964

exports and its ability to compete successfully in this highly sophisticated market.

A sergeant in World War II, Dr. Herzog worked his way through undergraduate and graduate schools as a gasmeter reader and a reporter. He earned a bachelor's degree at the California Institute of Technology, an engineering degree at Oregon State and a Ph. D. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dr. Herzog, a recognized authority on cosmochemistry and instrumental analysis, is a part-time professor at Pennsylvania State College.

Dr. Herzog is a good example of the type of man that leads industry in Pennsylvania: he is purposeful, dynamic, efficient, and resourceful. To the commendations already given to him and his firm, I would like to add my own.

A Master of Phrase and of Strategy

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. ROBERT DOLE

OF KANSAS

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, April 16, 1964

Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, Gen. Douglas MacArthur has left us, but his memory shall live forever. His dedication to high principle, his genius for leadership, and his allegiance to the cause of freedom dramatically served the American ideal. He once stated:

My work is my life. To live is to function. This energy, this purpose, combined with his inner conviction has moved history another step forward and all Kansans mourn his passing.

A fitting editorial tribute recently appeared in the Salina (Kans.) Journal. I ask unanimous consent to insert it in the RECORD:

A MASTER OF PHRASE AND OF STRATEGY "An old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty." Such was General MacArthur's own obituary, spoken to the Congress.

task.

One of the recipients of these awards is a Pennsylvanian, Dr. Leonard F. Herzog II, founder and president of Nuclide Corp., a Pennsylvania-based firm.

Dr. Herzog, with the help of his associates, built Nuclide from a one-room laboratory to three buildings. The 125 scientists and technicians presently employed at Nuclide develop standard and custom built mass spectrometers, spectrographs, and other technical apparatus for the analysis of isotopes, gases, liquids, and solids. The firm's products can be used for such diverse purposes as lunar exploration and heart research. Known worldwide for its technological excellence, Nuclide recently received the President's "E" Award for its growing

For a man who was master of the phrase as well as the master of tactics, for a man who made his own history and cast his own

suffice.

But it should be noted that his light was a blazing sun of ambition, whatever its source might have been.

And because MacArthur's light and the Nation's light coincided, because both the United States and its foremost general have enjoyed a sense of great mission and great ambition, we pay tribute today to an old soldier who was never that, to one who could never "just fade away."

You should be sentimental about General MacArthur because he encouraged sentiment, manufactured it, lived by it. Sentiment was part of his weaponry. He deployed it precisely upon a vast stage and at the right moment, delivered with Jovian mastery. The miracle was he had the logistical power to augment sentiment with the Nation's thunderbolts. With ships and men and guns, he did return.

Here was a great Shakespearian drama that you and I saw, in the flesh. It was be

yond reality, above the muck and confusion of war, but it was so.

Toward the end, he spoke against war as a form of global suicide and against a strong central government, although it is only such a government that can mount a successful military force. But this was after his ambition had overreached itself and he had seen himself above the natural authority; and he had been frustrated.

During the long, loyal portion of his soldier's duty, however, he was a general such as a nation needs, a highly specialized instrument, forged to one purpose, authoritarian, far from democracy, yet essential to democracy in time of danger. Like all such men in such roles, General MacArthur was a paradox and a source of controversy.

Love him or hate him, we could not have done without him. Whatever its source, his was a greatness we needed and it came at times when we needed it most.

America, the Beautiful?

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. MAURINE B. NEUBERGER

OF OREGON

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, April 16, 1964

Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, Frontier magazine published in California has in its April issue a book review, "Smutting Up America," which is a comprehensive review of "God's Own Junkyard," by Peter Blake.

This is more than a review, it is an excellent commentary on the sad state of what was once America the beautiful. Mr. Blake makes a plea for better taste in suburbia and city planning. I was pleased to see reference to the efforts of my husband, Senator Neuberger, to control the proliferation of billboards along our interstate highways. In addition to carrying an important message, the book is forcefully illustrated with pictures of the atrocities which our civilization has allowed.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the RECORD the book review entitled "Smutting Up America."

There being no objection, the book review was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

SMUTTING UP AMERICA

(By John W. Caughey)

Peter Blake is a sad and angry young man. To be precise, he is not so much sad as hurt, and not just angry but furious. Fury hot or cold is the venom in which the best tracts are written. In "God's Own Junkyard," he pours it out on all the louts who have been defacing America the beautiful.

His book is one to be read first with the thumb. It has more pictures than text. A few, perhaps 1 in 10, show pristine beauties, a Virginia hayfield, a Nevada desert scene, or the shore at Nantucket. A very few show tasteful, manmade improvements. The rest pick up the footprints of the marauders and review the atrocities and obscenities they have performed. This pictorial trail runs all up and down America from the flatlands to the mountains and from the sea to shining sea. Blake's gallery of horrors will make almost any viewer cringe. And where did he find these scenes of devastation and blight? The answer is easy. Mr. Blake has been peeking out my windows--and yours.

Along with the pictures, or rather as a warmup to them, he offers acid comments. He pillories the litterbugs, showing a few choice pictures of their droppings. A step up, he comments in word and picture on the unsightliness of collected rubbish. He features a few junkyard pictures, others of city dumps, tangles of wreckage, and acres of scrapped autos. An archeologist could have told him that primitive peoples also had their kitchen maidens and refuse dumps. In an age of cans and beer bottles, paper and plastics, and planned obsolescence, in all our appliances, our extrusions of waste are enormous. Possibly it is just as well that we make some effort to collect and concentrate it, though not always out of sight.

From litterbugs Blake moves on to purposeful defacers, beginning with the billboard industry. A fair man, he lets the billboard moguls present their side of the argument. According to one company president, "billboards are the art gallery of the public." By promoting sales they are crucial to the economy. They implement the first amendment guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press. They serve society with free plugs for the Red Cross, the Community Chest, and safe driving. (This last, Blake asserts, is an irony. By their distraction of drivers-and that is their prime purpose-billboards are a measurable cause of accidents.) The billboard industry also serves by judiciously allotting space to particular candidates for office. That is a service for sure, but not necessarily to the public. HIGHWAY BILLBOARDS

In 1958, by proposing a small bonus to States that would ban billboards along the $40 billion Eisenhower highways, the late Senator Richard Neuberger touched off what Blake calls the great billboard debate. Billboards, Neuberger discovered, are too much of a sacred cow to be dehorned without a battle royal. Pictorially, Blake pays his respects to this "art gallery of the public" and its lesser imitators, the ragtag of little He also signs, posters, and store fronts. salutes the persons unknown who one day flattened all the billboards between Santa Fe and Los Alamitos.

Moving in to town, the gauntlet along any highway congests with a welter of competing gas stations, motels, hamburger stands, and tourist traps. It is enough to make one regret the invention of neon lights, aluminum foll, rotators and blinkers, and the alphabet.

Blake finds no more delight in suburbia. His approach, in the late Senator Kerr's phrase, is that of "assthetics." The tract developer is guilty of two crimes. He chooses a cheap, uninspired design, and then he repeats it endlessly. Typically he begins with scorching the earth of all trees and other irregularities, allows a minimum of open space, and plants thick his assembly line houses. This monotony breeds others. Suburbia becomes too residential, too uniform in age bracket, income level, and school needs.

The modern answer to suburban sprawl is the high-rise apartment. Blake writes many of them off as junk. Working vertically, architects and builders apparently can be just as unimaginative as when they are working horizontally. In the office skyscraper most architects prove as feckless. Blake is convinced that some of them could do better. As editor of Architectual Forum, he is to be believed on this point.

Some of the blame he transfers to the laziness of bureaucracy. Government financing is more readily had for designs already approved, which means that cookycutter or repetitive work tends to drive out originality. In New York, furthermore, the assessor and the tax court acted to penalize good design in the Seagram Building, while rewarding monstrosities such as the Pan Am Building. Fie on bureaucrats. But private enterprise, whether moneylenders, man

agers, or stockholders, can be just as elephantine in discarding good architecture and favoring mediocrity or worse.

Next in line of fire are those timorous souls, the city planners. Like the military they time and again are caught planning the last war rather than the one to come. Continually they are up against the obstacle of the fait accompli. Their zoning rules always have to fight a rearguard action against the variances. A bold plan is sure to be expensive, and if the politicians do not sabotage it, the taxpayers association and the electorate probably will.

INADEQUATE PLANNING

Meanwhile, almost every city in the land, particularly every growing city, has to fight against the pricks of woefully inadequate or shortsighted planning. How now green belts? How can a city break out of its straitjacket?

Pamphleteer Blake scorns the standard response, with or without urban renewal, which is to create a "city of ghettoes." Besides the ghettoes of race there are the ones of function, an industry ghetto, an offices ghetto, a government ghetto, a shopping ghetto, an apartment ghetto, a medical center ghetto, one or more for poor housing, and one for high-cost prestige housing. The "city of ghettoes" is fantastically inconvenient. Among other flaws it enormously complicates the problem of transportation.

That brings us back to billboardia and the mad geniuses who bulldoze their way through the best scenery and such city planning as there is to carry the freeways on their imperious course. A bridge can be beautiful. The sweeps and curves of a freeway can gratify the senses. The ruling consideration, nevertheless, is utilitarian, and some of the most glaring scars and gashes on the face of the land are those administered by this new race of landscapers.

Blake twits the litterbug and tilts at the billboarder, the subdivider, the tract builder. the entrepreneur of high rise, the saturator of mid-Manhattan, the architectural profession in general, the bureaucrat, the profitminded banker and businessman large and small, and the paving trustee. Despite their number, these malefactors are not the full rollcall. You and I, according to Blake, as part of the electorate, are accessories before and after the crime. In his book we are junkies too.

There is a larger sense in which he is right. Much of this smutting up of America is direct outgrowth of the population explosion. Man sometimes improves on the natural appearance. In many more instances, or so the pictures seem to show, his touch is befouling. Blake's plea for better taste is as urgent as it is timely.

Will America Always Mean the Same?

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING

OF PENNSYLVANIA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, April 16, 1964 Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, 2 years ago Cecile Maravilla came to our shores from the Philippines.

She is presently serving as a secretary at the Naval Supply Depot, Mechanicsburg, Pa. We need more Ceciles today and fewer of those who would destroy the customs and traditions that have made a comparatively young nation the greatest on earth.