Hospitals as to (titles II, VI, and VII): (1) Medical and nursing staffs, (2) technical, clerical, and other employees, (3) patients' beds and operating rooms, and (4) facilities and accommodations. States and municipalities as to: (1) State FEPC acts (title VII), (2) handling of public facilities (title III), (3) supervision of private facilities (title II), (4) judges and law enforcement officers (title II), and (5) handling of elections (title I). If you wish a more detailed opinion upon the terms of the bill, I will be glad to furnish it to you. Yours very truly, JOHN C. SATTERFIELD. Reclamation and Mike Kirwan EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. HARLAN HAGEN OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HAGEN of California. Mr. Speaker, on April 9, 1964, our distinguished Governor of California, Pat Brown, was the guest speaker at a dinner honoring our distinguished colleague, Congressman MIKE KIRWAN. In my judgment, Governor Brown made an excellent speech on that occasion and I am particularly pleased by his recognition of the great service that our beloved MIKE KIRWAN has rendered to the cause of reclamation. The speech of Governor Brown reads as follows: ADDRESS BY Gov. EDMUND G. BROWN, ANNUAL MAHONING COUNTY DEMOCRATIC DINNER HONORING CONGRESSMAN MIKE KIRWAN, IDORA PARK BALLROOM, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, APRIL 9, 1964 The Mahoning Valley is a long way from the Sacramento Valley but it's a trip I was glad to make. This dinner has a great tradition and it's an honor to share in that tradition. Youngstown and Sacramento have much in common. They are about the same size. They are both river towns. They are both seats of government, proud of their symphonies and colleges. And they both owe a great deal to MICHAEL JOSEPH KIRWAN. Earl Warren once said when he was Governor of California that the two men who have done the most for Western America are Theodore Roosevelt and MIKE KIRWAN. And he said in balance MIKE KIRWAN has done the more. Roosevelt put through the Reclamation Act of 1902. But MIKE KIRWAN made the act work. We have a pioneer tradition in the West and we like to stand on our own two feet. But I can tell you that MIKE KIRWAN has made the footing more solid for all of us. The great reclamation projects that have passed through his dedicated hands have made deserts bloom and prosper. The great forests he has saved will make generations of children skip and laugh. And this has been a labor of love for MIKE. As he once said on the floor of the House: "This is the greatest country on earth, better than all the rest rolled into one, with its mountains, its streams, its climate, its soil, its minerals, everything the work of God." One of these days there will be a Kirwan National Park somewhere in the West-and I hope it will be in California. It will have to be a special park. It will have to be a park that helps people enjoy life a little more. If it doesn't, it won't really represent this great man's work. Now, those are things I have wanted to say publicly about MIKE KIRWAN to the people of the 19th Ohio District for a long time. It's a trip I was glad to make. Of course, I do have one criticism of Congressman KIRWAN. We have a dropout problem in California, as every State has. Last year, I budgeted $346,000 for a pilot program to find out how we could make youngsters want to stay in school, want to learn. And if they ever find out about MIKE-six honorary college degrees and a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution and never a day beyond the third gradethat whole $346,000 will go out the window. At the same time, I can't complain about MIKE'S arithmetic. And neither can the Congressmen he has helped swing the tough campaigns during the 16 years that he has chaired the congressional campaign committee. MIKE has steered that committee through 1,991 elections. In 1952, when all the political odds said the House should have gone Republican by a landslide, MIKE held the GOP to a 12-vote margin. And he got it back in 1954 and held it for the Democrats in 1956 against the biggest plurality ever registered by a presidential candidate. That, my friends, is a great record. Now it is election year once again and as usual the Republicans have an epidemic of hat-in-ring disease. Out in California last week, Senator GOLDWATER and Governor Rockefeller were churning up dust along the campaign trail. They say they went west because California has a primary election in June, but you'll find a better reason if you look at a map. California is as far away from New Hampshire as they can get. Mr. Nixon is staying out of it. He is sticking to the humdrum routine of the typical American lawyer-press conferences, magazine articles, convention speeches, and trips around the world. And Henry Cabot Lodge is in Saigon, reading the polls and picking another primary campaign to stay out of. And where are the Democrats while all this is going on? They are working. The Senate Democrats, for example, are in Washington this very night, getting ready to strike the sharpest blow for freedom this country has seen since the Reconstruction. They are getting ready to send to the President a civil rights bill that will help us keep a promise we made to the American Negro 100 years ago. And when that bill is law, we Democrats will start to churn up some dust of our own. We will match the Republican promises with performance. We will balance their words with our deeds. And when November comes, we will put President Johnson back in the White House with a fresh mandate to carry on the job President Kennedy began so brilliantly. We will send STEVE YOUNG back to the Senate. We will send MIKE KIRWAN back to the House. All across the land we will assemble majorities in both houses to back up the President on foreign aid and medicare, poverty and aid to education and the other programs this country needs, and needs now. Woodrow Wilson said in 1913 the Republicans hadn't had a new idea in 50 years. It has now been 101 years. And you can be sure if they stumble onto a new idea this year, BARRY GOLDWATER will take it out and drown it. And the American people know it. They know you can't look to the future if your head is buried in the sands of time. They know you can't serve the general interest by catering to the special interest. They know which party works to open doors for people and which works to close them. All they have to do is look at the recordlook at the vigor and imagination that the Democratic administration has brought to Washington. Three years ago, the cause of freedom was on the defensive all around the world. Premier Khrushchev was openly insulting President Eisenhower in Paris. The Soviets were reaching for a beachhead in Africa. Castro had taken over Cuba. Moscow was trying to blackmail the West into giving up West Berlin. Here at home, we had a recession. Unemployment was over 7 percent, the highest in 20 years. And you remember that here in Youngstown the mills were running at less than half capacity while Mr. Nixon was going from city to city telling us we never had it so good. All of this changed-and changed dramatically-in 1961. son. This country started to move again under the calm and courageous leadership of President Kennedy and then of President JohnAnd we are going to keep it movingwith the help of men like MIKE KIRWANand with the support of dedicated Democrats like you. Let's look at what happened when the Democrats took over: The Soviets backed out of the Congo. The Russians dismantled their missiles and pulled out of Cuba in the face of the most courageous act of leadership in two decades. We shored up our defenses all along the line. Thus armed, we negotiated and the negotiations produced a test ban treaty and the cause of peace began to prosper. And we are at peace tonight because we have men in Washington with the courage to fight when fighting is needed, courage to negotiate when negotiation is called for. At home, the longest peacetime expansion of business in our history began and it is still underway. The gross national product rose 16 percent. The deficit in the balance of trade went down. And to keep the economy moving, Presidents Kennedy and Johnson began a bold campaign to cut taxes to pump new money into the economy. Last month, America's working men and women began to enjoy what amounts to a $10 billion increase in takehome pay. And that tax cut-as the Democrats said it would already is beginning to pay off. Here in Youngstown, for example, the decision of Republic Steel to invest between $3 and $4 million in expansion is a direct result of the cut in taxes. During the past 3 years, the Democratic administration has poured funds into regions where recovery was slow under the Area Redevelopment Act, the expanded public works program. We extended unemployment insurance payments. We changed the law so that a father who is out of work doesn't have to desert his family to let his children qualify for Government aid. I tell you, my friends, no administration in history has done so much for so many people in so short a time. Peace, prosperity and progress was a Republican slogan in 1960. But it took President Kennedy and President Johnson to make that slogan come true. In 1964 we have peace; we have prosperity; and we are making progress. Progress for everyone, not the favored few. Progress for every single American, young and old, sick and disabled, black and white. And what do the Republicans say to this? Senator GOLDWATER says we should sell off the TVA and sell out the United Nations; put social security on a voluntary footing and send the Marines into Cuba. And you know how much that program will help people here in Youngstown or in Cleveland or anywhere else in this land of ours. I speak to you tonight as the Governor of California, the most populous of the 50 States. We number 18 million people now and in 20 years we will have 30 million. The challenges of growth like that are tremendous. We deal today with every problem that other States must face in the next 20 years-technology and automation; mobility, civil rights, the aging, urban sag and suburban sprawl, unemployment, education, taxes and the stalling tactics of special interests. Now there are two ways to deal with growth like that. One is to sit tight, retrench, cut services and insist that nothing can be done. That will solve growth problems. It will stop the growth. And it will stop the prosperity that goes with it, too. The other way is to meet the challenge head on, and that is what we are doing in California. In California, every child who can make the grade can go from kindergarten to graduate school without paying one cent of tuition. To meet this high standard, we must double the capacity of our public university and colleges before 1970. It will mean a big investment, but Californians are glad to invest in their youth and their future. The bonds we issue today to build new campuses will be paid in future years by the graduates of those schools out of the higher income their education will help them earn. I understand you will be building a technical school as part of your fine university here under a similar bonding plan. I am glad that Ohio's State leaders know a good idea when they see one. California needs water to grow. When I took office, I won a fight for approval of a project that will bring flood control to the northern part of our State and water to the arid southern half in a manmade river 500 miles long. The project will cost more than $2 billion. And the people of California have voted to pledge their credit for bonds to cover $1,750 million of that amount. There are other examples of California's willingness to make sound investments for growth, but these will serve to make my point. People in California are no different from people anywhere. Given a challenge and a good, sound plan for meeting it and they are equal to the task. I understand that MIKE KIRWAN has been trying to get Ohio's leaders to rally behind a manmade river of your own for years. MIKE has made the case. This great industrial area, this American Ruhr, needs a link between Lake Erie and the Ohio and the rest of the Nation needs it as well. But no man can fight through a project like this alone. It takes cooperation from all leaders, from all Members of Congress. And I hope the people of Ohio will let their Congressmen know this fall that they are behind MIKE KIRWAN on this one and that they want action on the canal. Let me add one more thing-the people of California, the Governor and the congressional delegation stand ready to help you get Federal help to build that canal-and that's a promise. Much has been done in the past 3 years, but much remains to be done. Under the determined leadership of President Johnson, we are just beginning to deal with the poverty that exists side by side with plenty in this richest of all nations. One-fifth of our people are ill-housed, illclothed, undernourished, and deprived of a minimal standard of health and decency. Poverty cuts across many lines-the aged, minorities, the disabled, the illiterates, the sick, farmworkers, and the unskilled for whom no jobs exist. The burden of poverty is heaviest on the poor, but it costs all of society in the tolls of crime, mental illness, welfare payments and bad health. President Johnson is determined that the poor must not always be with us. He has declared unconditional war on poverty and we Democrats will not rest until that war is won. Will you join us in that fight? We The civil rights bill is a great beginning, Will you help us win on civil rights? Will you help us win on civil rights? The challenges never stop and neither can a liberal force like the Democratic Party. We cannot rest until we prove that a country which can create machines to fill jobs can also create jobs to fulfill men. We cannot rest until we show that a country which can build a force like the Peace Corps can tear down a force like bigotry. From our missile centers, we are learning to explore space. From our hope for mankind, we are learning to explore new paths to peace. This is the meaning of a Democratic sion. His mental superiority over an adversary became self-evident, matched only by his earnestness and honesty of purpose. Tom Davey contributed much to the solution of problems confronting the servicemen through the years. He was ever ready to contend for lost causes. He fought to protect the voicings of the minority, upon Legion mandates presented to the convention. His reasoning was basically sound and generally prevailed. He asked for little for himself and during a turbulent career received naught in the way of official posts of advancement. Yet in his inner soul, in spite of these reverses, exuded a luminous light of cleanliness and healthful patriotism gleaming with sincerity. Yes, Mr. Speaker, a great American and solid patriot died the other day-and in his own selfless way left a great heritage for lesser men to light their wayeven without hope of reward. In the minds and hearts of his many friends, Tom will live on in their fond memory as a true advocate of the principles of the good samaritan, that in good deeds one enjoys the feeling of relief of a better life. We will miss Tom and his honest face, his cryptic phrases and sardonic grin while charming victory over a vanquished foe. The members of Federal Post will sense a void in his absence at the annual installation of our officersand I personally have lost a valiant opponent and warm friend. His darling wife, Helen, continues her services at Hines Hospital as a volunteer and carries on in the best tradition of the auxiliary, tending the sick veterans. To her we extend our heartfelt condolences. God is good and Tom in his victory in November. Those are the goals goodness will be blessed in God's will. for which we work. Thomas Knapman Davey EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROLAND V. LIBONATI OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964 Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, Tom Davey, architect and engineer, died the other day. He had the reputation of being an orator of superior finesse supporting his presentation with clear, logical, and convincing thinking. Personally he was cordial, friendly, and kindly. He loved his fellow man and enjoyed being among them. His main arena of activity was in the serviceman atmosphere of the American Legion of Illinois. He was most sought after as an after dinner speaker at Legion affairs. He would spill over with a brand of dry humor that sent his audience into fits of gleeful guffaws that tickled into humorous response the most downfaced skeptic. His clever use of puns would nettle his most violent adversary in debate at conventions. He was shrewd in using a meticulous approach to his subject, reflecting an intimate knowledge of the matter under discus THOMAS KNAPMAN DAVEY Thomas Knapman Davey, born January 15, 1896, died February 29, 1964. Thomas Knapman Davey was born in Cornall, England, on January 15, 1896. Learned the trade of a granite cutter and as such worked in London, England, and in many quarries and large cities in the United States, having come here in about 1903. On about the 15th of July 1917, he enlisted in the 132d Infantry, Company K, 33d Division. He was honorably discharged as a sergeant on May 31, 1919. Received the Silver Star Decoration, French Decoration for service in the Meuse-Argonne, 1918, Purple Heart, Citation from his 33d Division for Gallantry in Action. A splendid performance of duty at Albert, France, on August 19, 1918. Also received Accolade signed by President Woodrow Wilson stating he served with honor in the World War and was wounded in action. Has a certificate signed by Abel Davis, colonel, stating he was an instructor in the post schools of the 33d Division for 8 weeks and that his work was satisfactory. He was one of the founders of the American Legion in the State of Illinois. The first commander of Forge Post and the second commander of the 5th district of the American Legion. He was a candidate for Representative in Congress, State at large, in the primary election, April 8, 1930. He was commissioned as colonel by the Governor of the State of Oklahoma on December 29, 1931. There were three such commissions given out that time, Bill Rogers and Mary Pickford the other two. On December 29, 1920, he was married to Miss Helen Irene Byrd. He was connected with Graham-An derson-White Architects and worked on many of the skyscrapers in Chicago for about 25 years. He was with the Palmer House as construction engineer for 25 years. Karen Spence, Idaho's 1964 “Ability Counts" First Prize Winner EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. COMPTON I. WHITE, JR. OF IDAHO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, on April 30 and May 1, of this year, the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped will hold their annual meeting here in Washington, D.C. One of the persons who will be attending this gathering will be a constituent of mine, Miss Karen Spence of Caldwell, Idaho, who is Idaho's first prize winner of the 1964 "Ability Counts" contest. Under leave to extend my remarks, it is my pleasure to insert in today's RECORD the text of this fine essay entitled, "How Handicapped Workers in My Community Are Proving That Ability Counts." HOW HANDICAPPED WORKERS IN MY COMMUNITY ARE PROVING THAT ABILITY COUNTS (By Karen Spence, Caldwell High School) Living with a physical handicap is not easy; yet many people use such a handicap to prove that stumbling blocks can be turned to stepping stones. In every community across our Nation reside people who were born physically handicapped or who have become incapacitated during life. Only a few hundred years ago such citizens were considered as people of whom to be ashamed. Carefully tucked away where they could not be seen, such handicapped people had little chance to lead a happy, productive life. Fortunately, this situation has changed a great deal in recent years. We have learned that a physical handicap in no way limits the usefulness of an individual to his world. My community harbors many examples of this change. There are a number of physically disabled people in my area eager to prove that ability counts, and there are just as many citizens eager to listen and learn from them. Through this cooperation the whole community has found that a person, physically handicapped, has a wealth of talents to offer his area. Such knowledge helps us to appreciate these disabled people for the abilities they possess, not pity them for what they lack. What is this ability of which I speak? When we consider the word "ability” we first think of the attribute, talent. Hearing the beautiful music played by young flutists, one can be sure that their polio-stricken teacher has made her talent count. A new book enthusiast attending an autograph party is very likely to meet a young couple, both with crippling disabilities. The husband, a writer, and his wife, a poet, have disregarded their handicaps to give expression to a fulfilling talent. It is true that talent is one of the most important facets of ability. However, I believe that the physically handicapped in my area are proving many other attributes are equally as important as talent. Perhaps we could even say these characteristics are forms of talent and are thus included in ability. Perseverance is an essential quality in all modern living. When one has a physical defect, this perseverance becomes doubly important. I have had the opportunity to become friends with a young man who was long considered to be a mental incompetent. Through his persevering desire to prove his ability, coupled with his great initiative, this young person, after 21 years, was not only released from a State school for the mentally retarded, but also learned to read and later to type with one finger. Now he has an expanding newsstand business. In spare moments this remarkable businessman has written three books. Certainly this young man has not allowed a diseased body to prohibit his leading a very productive life. Very often the handicapped are an influence on the community simply by the happiness they feel and express to others. Being around someone who enjoys living, and shows it, is always a pleasure. This pleasure becomes a lesson in living when the person is afflicted with the crippling Paget's disease. The lovely aunt of a close friend combines a wonderful personality and great poise to teach many of her young friends the meaning of true charm. If she were completely ablebodied, her influence could not be greater. The religious faith of the handicapped people of my community has also been a tremendous influence on others. Entering many homes in my town, one may hear a lovely tenor voice from a recording of religious songs. This voice belongs to a man whose hands and arms have been burned pitiably. Now the hands which once played the organ so beautifully are nearly useless. Did he let this sudden handicap defeat him? No, he did not. Because his religious faith means so much to him, the man decided to overcome his disability and is now disseminating a wonderful influence on this area through his vocal music. Another extremely important attribute is love for one's family. In a nearby town lives a woman with multiple sclerosis. Confined completely to her wheelchair, this courageous lady has worked out methods of housework so that she has been able to continue caring for her family. This love that conquers all is an example for all her ablebodied friends. To have fun is important to everyone. When it involves the physically handicapped, fun means much more than just a good time. Putting aside bitterness and self-pity, many of the physically unfortunate people of my community have organized the Indoor Sports Club. This organization offers a chance for the handicapped to show their initiative, have fellowship together, and join in healthful recreation. The most important attribute of this club, and others like it, is that it shows the community that attitude and abil. ity, not physical disabilities, are really important. Truly, physically disabled people are radiating a tremendous influence on the life and nature of my community. Daily they prove by their actions and attitudes that it is man's will to live a worthwhile life that really counts. We, the privileged ablebodied, need to prove that we accept these standards for our own lives. LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF DOCUMENTS Either House may order the printing of a document not already provided for by law, but only when the same shall be accompanied by an estimate from the Public Printer as to the probable cost thereof. Any executive department, bureau, board or independent office of the Government submitting reports or documents in response to inquiries from Congress shall submit therewith an estimate of the probable cost of printing the usual number. Nothing in this section relating to estimates shall apply to reports or documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938). Resolutions for printing extra copies, when presented to either House, shall be referred immediately to the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, who, in making their report, shall give the probable cost of the proposed printing upon the estimate of the Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be printed before such committee has reported (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937). PRINTING OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD EXTRACTS It shall be lawful for the Public Printer to print and deliver upon the order of any Senator, Representative, or Delegate, extracts from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the person ordering the same paying the cost thereof (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 185, p. 1942). RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL An office for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, with Mr. Raymond F. Noyes in charge, is located in room H-112, House wing, where orders will be received for subscriptions to the RECORD at $1.50 per month or for single copies at 1 cent for eight pages (minimum charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Members of Congress to purchase reprints from the RECORD Should be processed through this office. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE Additional copies of Government publications are offered for sale to the public by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., at cost thereof as determined by the Public Printer plus 50 percent: Provided, That a discount of not to exceed 25 percent may be allowed to authorized bookdealers and quantity purchasers, but such printing shall not interfere with the prompt execution of work for the Government. The Superintendent of Documents shall prescribe the terms and conditions under which he may authorize the resale of Government publications by bookdealers, and he may designate any Government officer his agent for the sale of Government publications under such regulations as shall be agreed upon by the Superintendent of Documents and the head of the respective department or establishment of the Government (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 72a, Supp. 2). CHANGE OF RESIDENCE Senators, Representatives, and Delegates who have changed their residences will please give information thereof to the Government Printing Office, that their addresses may be correctly given in the RECORD. Resolution Submitted: One resolution was submitted, Pages 7431-7432, 7450-7477 Oklahoma History: S. Res. 307, congratulating the people and State of Oklahoma on the 75th anniversary of the opening to settlement in 1889 of lands in the former Oklahoma and Indian Territories, was adopted. Page 7433 Nomination: One judicial nomination was received. Page 7481 Quorum Call: One quorum call was taken today. Chamber Action Page 7431 Program for Monday: Senate met at 10 a.m. and recessed at 4:16 p.m. until 10 a.m. Monday, April 13, when it will continue on H.R. 7152, civil rights. Committee Meetings (Committees not listed did not meet) Pages 7431, 7481 Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: Irrigation and Reclamation Subcommittee continued its hearings on S. 1658, authorizing construction of the Central Arizona project, Arizona and New Mexico, and on proposed comprehensive water plan for the Pacific Southwest, with further testimony from Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall (accompanied by Floyd E. Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, Interior Department); and Stanley Mosk, Attorney General of California. Hearings continue on Monday, April 13. House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, April 13, at noon. Congressional Record Committee Meetings No committee meetings were held. The public proceedings of each House of Congress, as reported by the Official Reporters thereof, are printed pursuant to directions of the Joint Committee on Printing as authorized by appropriate provisions of Title 44, United States Code, and published for each day that one or both Houses are in session, excepting very infrequent instances when two or more unusually small consecutive issues are printed at one time. The Congressional Record will be furnished by mail to subscribers, free of postage, for $1.50 per month, payable in advance. Remit check or money order, made payable to the Superintendent of Documents, directly to the Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402. For subscription purposes, 20 daily issues constitute a month. The charge for individual copies varies in proportion to the size of the issue. Following each session of Congress, the daily Congressional Record is revised, printed, permanently bound and is sold by the Superintendent of Documents in individual parts or by sets. With the exception of copyrighted articles, there are no restrictions on the republication of material from the Congressional Record. D274 The Pending Urban Mass Transportation areas. Act EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF Appendix It is the belief of the transit industry that improved transit facilities could attract substantial numbers of patrons and thereby relieve congestion on highways and streets. Question. Isn't it possible to private industry to provide the mass transportation HON. EVERETT G. BURKHALTER needs without any Federal or other govern OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. BURKHALTER. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I include the following newsletter: THE PENDING URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ACTS: A QUESTION-AND-ANSWER ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR THIS FEDERAL LEGISLATION In the near future, the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1963-one of the major legislative proposals of the current session of Congress is expected to be called up for a vote by the House of Representatives. The Senate already has acted favorably upon the Urban Mass Transportation Act, and it has been the subject of thorough committee hearings in the House of Representatives. Originally proposed by the late President Kennedy and his administration, the Urban Mass Transportation Act is being strongly supported by President Johnson. Appeals for its enactment have been made twice to Congress by President Johnson-once in his state of the Union message and the other time in his message on housing and community development. "Urban mass transportation is one of the most urgent problems facing the Nation and this Congress," said President Johnson. "Eficient transportation systems are essential to our urban communities," President Johnson explained. "The proper mixture of good highways and mass transit facilities should be developed to permit safe, efficient movement of people and goods in our metropolitan centers. "I urge early enactment of the mass transit program (H.R. 3881) as basic to the development of our Nation's cities," President Johnson asserted. The Institute for Rapid Transit, using the question-answer technique, herewith presents the views of knowledgeable leaders in the transit industry on the need and justification of the Urban Mass Transportation Act: Question. What is the need for this legislation? Answer. After many years of concentration on improving highways and other facilities for the private automobile, it has become obvious that the automobile alone cannot possibly supply all of the urban transportation requirements. The cost alone of providing enough urban highways to provide the total transportation requirements would be fantastic and prohibitive. Furthermore, it would be a grossly uneconomic use of land to provide for not only the required highways but also the parking facilities required by these highway constructions. This continuing need for mass transportation facilities is especially apparent in the peak hours of travel to and from the central business districts and other increasingly congested sections of the metropolitan mental assistance? Answer. Experienced operators, planners, and other students of the transit industry are in general agreement that it is no longer attractive to private industry to make substantial capital improvements which are required for the long overdue modernization and expansion of such facilities. There is not sufficient revenue coming through the fare box to provide either the basis for lowinterest bonds or the capital to finance these improvements. To attempt to finance these capital improvements through the fare box would raise fares so high that not only would transit riding be reduced, but a financial hardship would be imposed on those persons who must depend solely on transit services. Question. Aren't privately owned urban transportation properties profitable? Answer. There are certain privately owned transit companies which are profitable operations, but the trend for many years has been for the privately owned transit companies to withdraw in favor of public transit authorities or similar governmental agencies. The fact of the matter is that since World War II, many privately owned transit companies have failed, resulting in either public operations or abandonment of transit services in the community involved. The last 25 years have seen a shift from private to governmental operations in such cities as Boston, Chicago, New York, Miami, Memphis, Cleveland, and Los Angeles. In the last year or two, the privately owned transit properties have disappeared in St. Louis, Dallas, and Pittsburgh. This problem is not only restricted to the large and medium-size cities, but includes numerous smaller cities as well. For example, privately owned properties in recent years have given way to public operations in such cities as Long Beach, Sacramento, and Bakersfield, Calif.; Savannah and Rome, Ga.; Michigan City, Ind.; Tacoma, Wash.; San Antonio, Tex.; Newcastle, Pa.; Janesville, Wis.; Jonesboro, Ark.; Greeley, Colo.; Staunton, Va., and Jamestown and Ithaca, N.Y. Question. Would not this act be the death knell to private transit operators? Answer. This act plays no favorites between the publicly owned and the privately owned transit operations. Under the provisions of this act, all Federal grants or loans would be made to State or local governmental bodies. In no case would assistance be rendered directly to an operating transit organization, whether publicly or privately owned. The sponsoring State or local governmental agency would make the necessary These improvements in transit facilities. improved facilities in turn would be operated by the existing transit operator, whether it is privately or publicly owned. In fact, this act might very well help to continue certain private operations which are having great difficulty in continuing on their own. Question. Do proponents of this bill feel that improved transit can handle all of the transportation requirements of a modern city? Answer. On the contrary, just as most Americans do, proponents of this bill recognize and enjoy the advantages of the private automobile and look to improvements in highways where required. Transit experts also recognize the fact that no one form of urban transportation can handle all of the transportation requirements in large cities and metropolitan areas. In other words, the proponents of the Urban Mass Transportation Act are recommending a balanced approach to the urban transportation problem-an approach embracing the private automobile, the bus, the commuter railroad, and rapid transit, as required for a given urban community. Question. Has the Federal Government recognized this need for a balanced transportation approach? Answer. The answer to this question is found in section 9 of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1962 approved October 23, 1962, amended chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, by the addition of a new section 134, which reads as follows: "It is declared to be in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems, embracing various modes of transport in a manner that will serve the States and local communities efficiently and effectively. To accomplish this objective, the Secretary (Commerce) shall cooperate with the States, as authorized in this title, in the development of longrange highway plans and programs which are properly coordinated with plans for improvements in other affected forms of transportation and which are formulated with due consideration to their probable effect on the future development of urban areas of more than 50,000 population. After July 1, 1965, the Secretary (Commerce) shall not approve under section 105 of this title any program for projects in any urban area of more than 50,000 population unless he finds that such projects are based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on cooperatively by States and local communities in conformance with the objectives stated in this section." Question. Would this proposed transit legislation be harmful to existing highway legislation? Answer. By no means would this be a threat to highway legislation. For instance, Mr. Rex Whitton, Administrator of the Federal Bureau of Public Roads, testifying before the House Banking and Currency Committee, agreed that the Urban Mass Transportation Act would in no way impede the progress of the vast highway construction pragram. On the subject of balanced transportation planning Mr Whitton also told a subcommittee of the House Banking and Currency Committee: "On the other side of the coin, financial aid from Federal or State sources has not been available in substantial amount for mass transportation improvements, and there has been no solid organizational apparatus developed through which such aid could be quickly applied. As a result, implementation of public transit aspects even of well-balanced plans has lagged behind the highway program in urban areas." Question. Why have mass transportation improvements lagged behind highway improvements? |