COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1919. Norwood Bress PREFACE THE war has been the proving stage of two colossal experiments in education. The first began some forty years ago in Germany at the time that her autocratic government initiated its plans for the subjugation of the world. That experiment is the most remarkable demonstration of the power of teaching in the history of men. The second was the colossal undertaking in which the United States, profiting by the errors and successes of France and England, trained and equipped a huge citizen army and within a twelvemonth of the induction of its soldiers transported them to France and with them had begun the battles which brought about the destruction of the enemy. That is the most convincing proof of the possibilities of specific intensive instruction which the world has yet seen. Both experiments magnify purposeful training. In Germany the ritualistic instruction in the socalled liberal arts, which we formerly relied upon to produce citizens of humanity and culture, went on side by side with an intense pounding in of patriotism. It did little to check the momentum which that purposive indoctrination attained. Purposive instruction in the very rudiments of civics, history, and geography had to be evoked in every army camp in the United States to make good the very manifest shortcomings of a schooling that had con |