e ninety per cent of the population born outside of e doubtless more than seventy-five per cent had been ornia less than two years. The predominating eleas of course American. In their home states they n whigs and democrats, northerners and southerners, ery and antislavery advocates, but in California got their parties and their sections. Whatever their s had been on the subject, in California they deterhat slavery should not be introduced. There was of sectionalism in the state that would preserve this on. Even the entrance of the free negro was opy antislavery and proslavery men alike when they d that he would become a co-worker with them in es; and his free admission into the state was finally through the coöperation of men who in their home ad been bound by opposing sectional environments, hern men in the convention of 1849 ever attempted a clique for the purpose of saving a part of California ery, there is no indication of it in the proceedings of dy. There was apparently no more union among men outhern states than among those who came from the Old interests created by old environments were reby new interests produced by new conditions, and
these caused northerner and southerner to unite against those whom they had formerly supported. The fact that the state did permit itself to extend sympathy to the slavery agitators of the Union soon after its admission was doubtless due to the influence of politicians—or should it be politician? For certainly the student of this early period has occasion for feeling that California's history during the fifties might have been different if Gwin had not been sent to Washington amidst the old proslavery surroundings of former days.
ation theory of govern- I. California as opposed to Ps theory," 74-75
ule in California, 61-63; on to, voiced by news- 53-66
becomes governor of ia, 9; grant of land made r by, 311-313 essions of the legislature, in favor of, in constitu- onvention, 102-104 courts, question of union Ect courts and, before con- mal convention, 95-96 jurisdiction of supreme uestion of, 97-99, 288 ment of representation in gislature, 220 Governor, quoted on illicit California, 3; heads an on against Americans, 4-5
influence of constitution
hat of California, 234, 235,
Browne, Report of Debates in the
Convention of California, cited and quoted, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92 ff.
Bryant, Edwin, appointed alcalde of San Francisco, 63 n. Bryant and Sturgis, firm of, 6 Burnett, Peter H., Recollections, quoted, 57-58; presides over Sac- ramento meeting, 73; elected first governor of California, 253; first annual message of, 263-268; ve- toes bills for incorporating cer-
tein cities 204 203
California, early interest of United States in, 1-2; contraband trade of Americans with, 2-3; fear of Americans felt by Spanish, 4-5; increase of American influence in, with independence of Mexico, 5-8; early attempts at independ- ence, 8-12; the Bear Flag revolt, 12-13; events attending conquest and annexation of, to United States, 13-17; period of military rule in, 18 ff.; Congressional views as to legal status of, 20-24; Sloat's proclamation to people of, 25-26; Stockton's proclamation, 28-29; constitution for government of, drawn up by Stockton, 30-33; activities of Stockton and Fré- mont as government officers in, 34-38; Kearny succeeds Frémont and issues proclamation, 38-41; Kearny's rule in, and report on general conditions, 38-44; Mason succeeds Kearny as governor of, 44-45; discovery of gold in, and resulting problems, 51 ff.; immi- gration to, 55-60; alcalde rule in, 61-63; administration theory vs. settler's or Benton's theory as to government, 74-75; convention called to form a government for, 75-81; meeting and proceedings of convention, 81 ff.; settlement of eastern boundary question, 133- 174; first state election in, 251- 254; the land question in, 308- 317; question before Congress, of admission of, to Union, 328 ff.; passage of bill admitting, 339; effect of admission. on compara-
tive representation of North and South in Senate, 339-342; statis- tics as to population, occupations, products, and schools and churches in 1850, 343-348 Capital, location of permanent, 306 n.
Catterall, The Second Bank of the
United States, cited, 176
Census statistics in 1850, 343-348 Channing, History of United States, cited, 196
Churches, numbers of, and wealth in 1850, 347-348
Cities, incorporation of, 297-305 City government, necessity for es-
tablishment of system of, men- tioned in governor's first annual message, 267
Cleland, work by, on The Interest of U. S. in California, 1835-46, 1 n. Code of law, adoption of civil, recommended in governor's mes- sage, 264; majority of people op- posed to civil, and in favor of common law, 281; petition ad- dressed to assembly asking for adoption of common law, 281-282; Senate petition requesting estab- lishment of civil code, 282-283; report by Senate committee of the judiciary, and adoption of com- mon law, 283-287
Colton, Walter, judge of admiralty
court, 41; quoted on extensive powers of alcaldes in California, 61; quoted and cited, 62, 63, 229 Coman, Economic Beginnings of the Far West, cited, 133 n., 169 Congress, opinions of members of, on legal status of California after
conquest by United States 20-24*
oy, for educational pur- 96-199; subject of admis- California before, 328 ff.; bill admitting California,
on, meeting and proceed- convention to draw up, observances attending of, 227-228; a just cause to its framers, 228-229; of the, 230 ff.; constitu- ich influenced debates on California, 233-238; state- of historians concerning, ; figures of vote in favor of 5, 252
ons of other states which ed debates in California's tional convention, 233- parison of, 238-241
n for forming a govern- n California, agitation g, 71; public meetings ending a, 72-74; Governor proclamation calling a, apportionment of repre- n in, 77-79; election of s to, and meeting of at ey, 81-82; personnel of the, organization of the, 86-88; e departments of govern- s organized by, 91-107; gro question before the, ; eastern boundary con- in, 133-174; provisions as prations, banks, and paper 178-192; provision for on, 193-201; the subject of 1, 206-212; measures pro- lotteries and dueling, 213- estion of separate property rried women, 217-218;
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