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e ninety per cent of the population born outside of e doubtless more than seventy-five per cent had been ornia less than two years. The predominating eleas of course American. In their home states they n whigs and democrats, northerners and southerners, ery and antislavery advocates, but in California got their parties and their sections. Whatever their s had been on the subject, in California they deterhat slavery should not be introduced. There was of sectionalism in the state that would preserve this on. Even the entrance of the free negro was opy antislavery and proslavery men alike when they d that he would become a co-worker with them in es; and his free admission into the state was finally through the coöperation of men who in their home ad been bound by opposing sectional environments, hern men in the convention of 1849 ever attempted a clique for the purpose of saving a part of California ery, there is no indication of it in the proceedings of dy. There was apparently no more union among men outhern states than among those who came from the Old interests created by old environments were reby new interests produced by new conditions, and

these caused northerner and southerner to unite against those whom they had formerly supported. The fact that the state did permit itself to extend sympathy to the slavery agitators of the Union soon after its admission was doubtless due to the influence of politicians—or should it be politician? For certainly the student of this early period has occasion for feeling that California's history during the fifties might have been different if Gwin had not been sent to Washington amidst the old proslavery surroundings of former days.

A

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ation theory of govern-
I. California as opposed to
Ps theory," 74-75

ule in California, 61-63;
on to, voiced by news-
53-66

becomes governor of
ia, 9; grant of land made
r by, 311-313
essions of the legislature,
in favor of, in constitu-
onvention, 102-104
courts, question of union
Ect courts and, before con-
mal convention, 95-96
jurisdiction of supreme
uestion of, 97-99, 288
ment of representation in
gislature, 220
Governor, quoted on illicit
California, 3; heads an
on against Americans, 4-5

influence of constitution

hat of California, 234, 235,

Browne, Report of Debates in the

Convention of California, cited and
quoted, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88,
92 ff.

Bryant, Edwin, appointed alcalde of
San Francisco, 63 n.
Bryant and Sturgis, firm of, 6
Burnett, Peter H., Recollections,
quoted, 57-58; presides over Sac-
ramento meeting, 73; elected first
governor of California, 253; first
annual message of, 263-268; ve-
toes bills for incorporating cer-

tein cities 204 203

с

California, early interest of United
States in, 1-2; contraband trade
of Americans with, 2-3; fear of
Americans felt by Spanish, 4-5;
increase of American influence in,
with independence of Mexico,
5-8; early attempts at independ-
ence, 8-12; the Bear Flag revolt,
12-13; events attending conquest
and annexation of, to United
States, 13-17; period of military
rule in, 18 ff.; Congressional views
as to legal status of, 20-24; Sloat's
proclamation to people of, 25-26;
Stockton's proclamation, 28-29;
constitution for government of,
drawn up by Stockton, 30-33;
activities of Stockton and Fré-
mont as government officers in,
34-38; Kearny succeeds Frémont
and issues proclamation, 38-41;
Kearny's rule in, and report on
general conditions, 38-44; Mason
succeeds Kearny as governor of,
44-45; discovery of gold in, and
resulting problems, 51 ff.; immi-
gration to, 55-60; alcalde rule in,
61-63; administration theory vs.
settler's or Benton's theory as to
government, 74-75; convention
called to form a government for,
75-81; meeting and proceedings of
convention, 81 ff.; settlement of
eastern boundary question, 133-
174; first state election in, 251-
254; the land question in, 308-
317; question before Congress, of
admission of, to Union, 328 ff.;
passage of bill admitting, 339;
effect of admission. on compara-

tive representation of North and
South in Senate, 339-342; statis-
tics as to population, occupations,
products, and schools and
churches in 1850, 343-348
Capital, location of permanent,
306 n.

Catterall, The Second Bank of the

United States, cited, 176

Census statistics in 1850, 343-348
Channing, History of United States,
cited, 196

Churches, numbers of, and wealth
in 1850, 347-348

Cities, incorporation of, 297-305
City government, necessity for es-

tablishment of system of, men-
tioned in governor's first annual
message, 267

Cleland, work by, on The Interest of
U. S. in California, 1835-46, 1 n.
Code of law, adoption of civil,
recommended in governor's mes-
sage, 264; majority of people op-
posed to civil, and in favor of
common law, 281; petition ad-
dressed to assembly asking for
adoption of common law, 281-282;
Senate petition requesting estab-
lishment of civil code, 282-283;
report by Senate committee of the
judiciary, and adoption of com-
mon law, 283-287

Colton, Walter, judge of admiralty

court, 41; quoted on extensive
powers of alcaldes in California,
61; quoted and cited, 62, 63, 229
Coman, Economic Beginnings of the
Far West, cited, 133 n., 169
Congress, opinions of members of,
on legal status of California after

conquest by United States 20-24*

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oy, for educational pur-
96-199; subject of admis-
California before, 328 ff.;
bill admitting California,

on, meeting and proceed-
convention to draw up,
observances attending
of, 227-228; a just cause
to its framers, 228-229;
of the, 230 ff.; constitu-
ich influenced debates on
California, 233-238; state-
of historians concerning,
; figures of vote in favor of
5, 252

ons of other states which
ed debates in California's
tional convention, 233-
parison of, 238-241

n for forming a govern-
n California, agitation
g, 71; public meetings
ending a, 72-74; Governor
proclamation calling a,
apportionment of repre-
n in, 77-79; election of
s to, and meeting of at
ey, 81-82; personnel of the,
organization of the, 86-88;
e departments of govern-
s organized by, 91-107;
gro question before the,
; eastern boundary con-
in, 133-174; provisions as
prations, banks, and paper
178-192; provision for
on, 193-201; the subject of
1, 206-212; measures pro-
lotteries and dueling, 213-
estion of separate property
rried women, 217-218;

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