The psychology of learningTeachers College, Columbia University, 1913 |
Istilah dan frasa umum
ability abscissa absolute gain addition adult Amount of exercise amount of practice associations attitude behavior bonds cent connection course Curve of Improvement Dearborn disuse ditions Educational Psychology effect efficiency elements English equal errors example experimental experiments facts formation four gain German script given gross habits identical elements individuals interval law of effect learner learning less letters means measured mechanical puzzle ment mental function method neurones nonsense series nonsense syllables observation one-place numbers over-learning plateau poetry practice curve practice period produced prose Psychology pupils puzzle r₁ rapid rate of improvement relearning repetitions response Ruger satisfyingness scale selective thinking shown in FIG similar sort special training speed spent in practice strengthening subjects successive Table telegraphic test series training series trial unit Woodworth words per minute words written writing zero ΙΟ
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Halaman 382 - THE sun descending in the west The evening star does shine, The birds are silent in their nest And I must seek for mine, The moon, like a flower In heaven's high bower, With silent delight Sits and smiles on the night...
Halaman 67 - ... from the end of one line to the beginning of the next, but writes them just below the rest of the word and draws a loop around them.
Halaman 411 - At the Montana State Normal College careful experiments were undertaken to determine whether the habit of producing neat papers in arithmetic will function with reference to neat written work in other studies; the tests were confined to the intermediate grades. The results are almost startling in their failure to show the slightest improvement in language and spelling papers, although the improvement in the arithmetic papers was noticeable from the very first.
Halaman 2 - By a satisfying state of affairs is meant one which the animal does nothing to avoid, often doing things which maintain or renew it. By an annoying state of affairs is meant one which the animal does nothing to preserve, often doing things which put an end to it.
Halaman 359 - I shall try to defend is that a change in one function alters any other only in so far as the two functions have as factors identical elements. The change in the second function is in amount that due to the change in the elements common to it and the first.
Halaman 9 - ... between the bars, and bites at its confining walls. Some one of all these promiscuous clawings, squeezings, and bitings turns round the wooden button, and the kitten gains freedom and food. By repeating the experience again and again the animal gradually comes to omit all the useless clawings...
Halaman 95 - There is a certain number of habits which are elementary constituents of all the other habits within the hierarchy. (2) There are habits of a higher order which, embracing the lower as elements, are themselves in turn elements of higher habits, and so on. (3) A habit of any order, when thoroughly acquired, has physiological and, if conscious, psychological unity. The habits of lower order which are its elements tend to lose themselves in it, and it tends to lose itself in habits of higher order when...
Halaman 184 - Quincy says, that recant was no more in her mind than on her lips. She died as she lived, with a prayer on her lips and listening to the voices that had whispered to her so often. The heroism of Joan of Arc was wonderful. We do not know what form her great patriotism took or how far it really led her. She spoke of hearing voices and of seeing visions. We only know that she resolved to save her country, knowing though she did so, it would cost her her life. Yet she never hesitated. She was uneducated...
Halaman 360 - II. ; but another reason for using it is found in the fact that, since the mind is a unit and the faculties are simply phases or manifestations of its activity, whatever strengthens one faculty indirectly strengthens all the others. The verbal memory seems to be an exception to this statement, however, for it may be abnormally cultivated without involving, to any profitable extent, the other faculties. But only things that are rightly perceived and rightly understood can be rightly remembered. Hence,...
Halaman 431 - The habit acquired in a laboratory course of looking to see how chemicals do behave, instead of guessing at the matter or learning statements about it out of a book, may make a girl's methods of cooking or a boy's methods of manufacturing more scientific because the attitude of distrust of opinion and search for facts may so possess one as to be carried over from the narrower to the wider field.