The Welfare State: A Very Short IntroductionWelfare states vary across nations and change over time. And the balance between markets and government; free enterprise and social protection is perennially in question. But all developed societies have welfare states of one kind or another - they are a fundamental dimension of modern government. And even after decades of free-market criticism and reform, their core institutions have proven resilient and popular. This Very Short Introduction describes the modern welfare state, explaining its historical and contemporary significance and arguing that far from being 'a failure' or 'a problem', welfare states are an essential element of contemporary capitalism, and a vital concomitant of democratic government. In this accessible and entertaining account, David Garland cuts through the fog of misunderstandings to explain in clear and simple terms, what welfare states are, how they work, and why they matter. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
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What is the welfare state? | 1 |
Before the welfare state | 13 |
Birth of the welfare state | 26 |
The welfare state 10 | 45 |
Varieties | 59 |
Problems | 81 |
Neoliberalism and WS 20 | 98 |
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20th century America’s welfare American Beveridge Britain capitalist cent challenges corporatist David decades decommodification dependency developed economic management effects egalitarian employers employment protections Frank Close free-market full employment fundamental funding Germany global growth healthcare income increased increasingly individuals industrial inequality institutions Jacob Hacker John Klaus Dodds labour market laissez-faire less levels liberal regimes market capitalism means-tested Michael middle classes modern nations neoliberal Nick Middleton Nordic numbers Partha Dasgupta pensions Peter political Poor Law population post-war poverty problems production rates reduce regulation Richard Titmuss risks Roger Scruton schemes Short Introduction social and economic social assistance social democratic social expenditure social insurance social policy social provision social rights Social Security social spending societies structural Sweden University Press wages welfare regimes welfare state government welfare state programmes welfare state’s William Beveridge women workers