Memory: A Contribution to Experimental PsychologyTeachers College, Columbia University, 1913 - 123 halaman |
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16 syllables 16-syllable series 24 hours later actual after-effect amount approximately asso association average values causal causal systems central value Chapter Columbia University combination connection constant mean values course decrease derived series distribution double tests effect errorless reproduction existence experimental experiments greater HERMANN EBBINGHAUS immediate succession increase influence inner intermediate syllables interval intervening members investigations law of errors learned by heart length less limits measure memorisation mental mental events method natural science Number of deviations number of repetitions number of syllables numerical results occur original series possible reproduction present probable error processes psychology question recited relearning repe repeated repetitions necessary RETENTION saving seconds Section Section 31 separate series separate values series by skipping series of 16 series of ideas series of syllables series were learned similar six series stanzas strength Sum of series syllable series taken tion titions transformed series
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Halaman 43 - Nous voyons maintenant que tout acte de sentiment, de pensée ou de volition en vertu d'une loi universelle imprime en nous une trace plus ou moins profonde, mais indélébile, généralement gravée sur une infinité de traits antérieurs, surchargée plus tard d'une autre infinité de linéaments de toute nature, mais dont l'écriture est néanmoins indéfiniment susceptible de reparaître vive et nette au
Halaman 69 - It makes the assumption probable that with any considerable number of repetitions a suitable distribution of them over a space of time is decidedly more advantageous than the massing of them at a single time.
Halaman 92 - As a result of the learning of a series certain connections of the members are therefore actually formed in a reverse as well as in a forward direction. These connections are revealed in this way, that series which are formed out of members thus
Halaman 6 - end or to begin in the middle of the verse or the sentence leads to new complications because of various and unavoidable disturbances of the meaning. Series of numbers, which I also tried, appeared impracticable for the more thorough tests. Their fundamental elements were too small in number and therefore too easily exhausted. Section
Halaman 6 - —I have hit upon the following method. Out of the simple consonants of the alphabet and our eleven vowels and diphthongs all possible syllables of a certain sort were constructed, a vowel sound being placed between two consonants. 1
Halaman 6 - These syllables, about 2,300 in number, were mixed together and then drawn out by chance and used to construct series of different lengths, several of which each time formed the material for a test.