Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native SpeakersSpringer Science & Business Media, 11 Jan 2008 - 444 halaman Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers is a result of my frustrations over many years of teaching graduate-level structure courses and not being able to ?nd an appropriate grammar text for the pre- and in-service teachers enrolled in these classes. The students in these courses have represented a variety of teaching backgrounds: ESL and EFL teachers, native and non-nativespeakersof English,and mainstreamcontent-areateacherswith ESL students in their classes, to name a few. Some of these students have had a strong knowledge of English grammar, but often have dif?culties in applying their kno- edge to real-life discourse. Other students’ exposure has been limited to lessons in “correctness,” and are generally unaware of which language features are central to teaching ESL/EFL learners. Some students are resistant to taking this course, but are required to do so, whether to satisfy speci?c degree requirements, for state or professional certi?cation, or for other reasons. A few students have had some l- guistics, many not. The challenge has been ?nding a way to convey the essentials of AmericanEnglishgrammarclearly,toengagestudentsactivelyin theirownlearning and understanding of grammar as applicable to ESL/EFL learners, and to motivate them to undertake perceptive analyses of grammatical elements and structures, and of ESL/EFL learner needs and dif?culties. The overall aim of Grammar for Teachers is to make grammar accessible and comprehensible. |
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1 | |
21 | |
The Noun Phrase | 45 |
Adjectives and Adverbs | 83 |
Introduction to Verbs and Verb Phrases | 121 |
Discovery Activity 5 30 | 126 |
Time Tense and Aspect of Verbs | 165 |
Discovery Activity | 182 |
Basic Sentence Patterns and Major Variations 245 | 244 |
Discovery Activity 5 | 258 |
Complex Sentences Continued Relative Clauses | 319 |
Noun Clauses 353 | 352 |
Verbal Constructions | 383 |
Glossary | 417 |
Appendices | 425 |
Index | 439 |
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adverbial clause adverbs Answer Key auxiliary verb Chapter chart count and noncount count nouns crossover nouns describe Discovery Activity Discussion ESL/EFL learners event or action example following excerpts frequency adverbs functioning as adjectives gerund gerund phrase going identify indirect object infinitive phrase inflection inflectional endings intransitive introduced Label language Learner difficulties learners of English Look main clause main verb movie native speakers negative noncount nouns noun clause noun or noun noun phrase participial adjectives participial phrase passive past participle past perfect past progressive past tense perfect progressive phrasal verbs plural possessive adjectives possessive pronouns preposition preposition/adverb prescriptive grammar present participle present perfect present progressive present tense question refer relative clause relative pronoun reported speech Section sentence position simple past simple present structural clues structure words subject pronoun subordinate clause substitute teacher transitive verbs Underline verb phrase versus walk wh-question word class word order York